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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Resuscitation. 2021 Jan 12;160:49–58. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.12.023

Table 4.

Characteristics of cardiac patients experiencing IHCA separated into severe and no severe AKI cohorts

Severe AKI
Overall (N = 204) Yes (N = 146) No (N = 58) P-value
Age Group at Randomization
 <1 year 117 (57%) 90 (62%) 27 (47%) 0.0601
 1–4 years 52 (25%) 32 (22%) 20 (34%) 0.0751
 5–12 years 22 (11%) 13 (9%) 9 (16%) 0.2101
 > 13 years 13 (6%) 11 (8%) 2 (3%) 0.3571
Male sex 124 (61%) 90 (62%) 34 (59%) 0.7511
Preexisting severe AKI (up to 2 hours after intervention initiation)2 114 (56%) 114 (78%) 0 (0%) <.0011
Preexisting conditions
 Lung or airway disease 56 (27%) 36 (25%) 20 (34%) 0.1671
 Neurologic condition 64 (31%) 43 (29%) 21 (36%) 0.4041
 Gastrointestinal disorder 72 (35%) 51 (35%) 21 (36%) 0.8721
 Prenatal condition 56 (27%) 38 (26%) 18 (31%) 0.4901
 Congenital heart disease 173 (85%) 119 (82%) 54 (93%) 0.0501
  Cyanotic heart disease 39 (19%) 28 (19%) 11 (19%) 1.0001
  Two ventricles 109 (53%) 72 (49%) 37 (64%) 0.3961
  Post-operative cardiac surgery patient 98 (48%) 81 (55%) 17 (29%) 0.0011
  Norwood procedure 12 (6%) 11 (8%) 1 (2%) 0.6861
 Acquired heart disease 51 (25%) 37 (25%) 14 (24%) 1.0001
 Other 164 (80%) 119 (82%) 45 (78%) 0.5601
Primary aetiology of cardiac arrest
 Cardiac 158 (77%) 117 (80%) 41 (71%) 0.1931
 ALTE/SUID 1 (0%) 0 (0%) 1 (2%) 0.2841
 Other Respiratory 41 (20%) 25 (17%) 16 (28%) 0.1201
 Other/Unknown 4 (2%) 4 (3%) 0 (0%) 0.5791
Initial rhythm noted
 Asystole 8 (4%) 7 (5%) 1 (2%) 0.4451
 Bradycardia 125 (61%) 89 (61%) 36 (62%) 1.0001
 Pulseless electrical activity (PEA) 45 (22%) 30 (21%) 15 (26%) 0.4551
 Ventricular fibrillation or tachycardia 20 (10%) 15 (10%) 5 (9%) 0.8011
 Unknown 6 (3%) 5 (3%) 1 (2%) 0.6771
Estimated duration of chest compressions (minutes) – Median (Q1, Q3) 30.0 (8.0, 52.5) 36.0 (13.0, 55.0) 12.0 (4.0, 33.0) <.0013
Total number of doses of adrenaline administered – Median (Q1, Q3) 4.0 (2.0, 9.0) 5.0 (3.0, 9.0) 3.0 (2.0, 7.0) 0.0063
Assigned to Hypothermia treatment 107 (52%) 72 (49%) 35 (60%) 0.1651
ECMO at treatment initiation 130 (64%) 106 (73%) 24 (41%) <.0011
PRBC volume Day 0–1 per day (cc/kg) – Median (Q1, Q3) 7.5 (0.0, 19.8) 9.7 (4.9, 26.4) 0.0 (0.0, 10.0) <.0013
Minimum percentile of gender/height-adjusted systolic blood pressure: Median (Q1, Q3) 1.0 (1.0, 4.0) 1.0 (1.0, 2.0) 4.0 (1.0, 26.0) <.0013
Aminoglycoside (Day 0–1) 19 (9%) 13 (9%) 6 (10%) 0.7921
Vancomycin (Day 0–1) 104 (51%) 77 (53%) 27 (47%) 0.4391
Baseline Lactate4 (mmol/L) – Median (Q1, Q3) 6.6 (2.5, 12.7) 8.8 (4.2, 14.3) 3.3 (1.7, 7.2) <.0013
Peak Lactate (Day 0–1) (mmol/L) – Median (Q1, Q3) 7.7 (3.6, 13.7) 10.5 (5.1, 16.0) 3.5 (2.0, 7.9) <.0013
Baseline glucose concentration (mmol/L) – Median (Q1, Q3) 180 (119, 243) 194 (115, 263) 175 (123, 227) 0.7863
Baseline ALT concentration (U/L) – Median (Q1, Q3) 45 (25, 156) 52 (28, 165) 32 (21, 89) 0.0263
Peak ALT (Day 0–5) concentration (U/L) – Median (Q1, Q3) 83 (40, 296) 117 (49, 500) 41 (31, 125) <.0013
Milrinone (Day 0–1) 128 (63%) 94 (64%) 34 (59%) 0.5211
Vasopressin (Day 0–1) 35 (17%) 28 (19%) 7 (12%) 0.3041
Vasoactive Agents (Day 0–1)
 Adrenaline 126 (62%) 96 (66%) 30 (52%) 0.0791
 Dopamine 67 (33%) 58 (40%) 9 (16%) <.0011
 Noradrenaline 18 (9%) 15 (10%) 3 (5%) 0.2891
 Dobutamine 18 (9%) 12 (8%) 6 (10%) 0.5961
 Phenylephrine 7 (3%) 2 (1%) 5 (9%) 0.0211
Number of Vasoactive Agents (Day 0–1) 0.1371
 0 55 (27%) 35 (24%) 20 (34%)
 1 76 (37%) 51 (35%) 25 (43%)
 2 60 (29%) 49 (34%) 11 (19%)
 3 12 (6%) 10 (7%) 2 (3%)
 4 1 (0%) 1 (1%) 0 (0%)
1

P-value is based on Fisher’s exact test.

2

Preexisting severe AKI status was unknown for 16 (8%) subjects.

3

P-value is based on the Wilcoxon rank-sum test.

4

First non-missing lactate value occurring = 8 hours after randomization.