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Fabrication of PEDs using an ambient vacuum filtration technique. (A) The top stencil was thermally laminated to (B) a filter paper to create (C) a laminated and patterned paper. (D) SWCNTs were layered onto the designated area to form SWCNT-fabricated PEDs. (E) Gold film was further formed on the SWCNT surface by vacuum-filtration of an AuNP solution to produce (F) four PEDs on a single piece of paper, each with AuNP-fabricated RE, WE, and CE electrodes.
