Table 4.

Adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals, aOR (95% CI), for risk factors of interest and worsening of symptoms by FAOS Symptoms subscale or foot PAS

Risk factors
	No rAOA at baseline (n=408)		With rAOA at baseline (n=668)
	Worsening FAOS	Worsening PAS	Worsening FAOS	Worsening PAS
	aOR (95% CI)		aOR (95% CI)
Age: 5 years older	1.41 (1.12, 1.77)	1.10 (0.80, 1.52)	1.13 (0.97, 1.33)	0.86 (0.64, 1.17)
Women vs Men	1.53 (0.71, 3.29)	0.94 (0.25, 3.49)	1.54 (0.92, 2.58)	2.25 (1.01, 5.03)
Black vs White	1.41 (0.76, 2.61)	1.73 (0.54, 5.54)	0.95 (0.58, 1.56)	0.82 (0.38, 1.77)
BMI: 5 kg/m2 higher	1.65 (1.22, 2.24)	0.90 (0.60, 1.36)	1.36 (1.13, 1.64)	1.27 (0.98, 1.63)
5% or more weight gain vs no 5% weight gain	1.16 (0.60, 2.27)	2.03 (0.67, 6.11)	1.33 (0.78, 2.28)	1.03 (0.44, 2.43)
Charlson comorbidity index, ≥2 vs <2	0.60 (0.29, 1.25)	1.34 (0.46, 3.94)	0.97 (0.59, 1.60)	0.45 (0.19, 1.05)
Past smoker vs never smoker	1.05 (0.55, 2.01)	0.93 (0.32, 2.73)	1.44 (0.89, 2.33)	2.20 (1.11, 4.34)
Current smoker vs never smoker	2.25 (0.76, 6.65)	0.26 (0.04, 1.66)	3.56 (1.29, 9.82)	1.27 (0.29, 5.60)
Alcohol use vs no alcohol use	1.49 (0.63, 3.51)	1.84 (0.55, 6.13)	0.92 (0.47, 1.78)	1.19 (0.42, 3.34)
History of falls vs no falls	0.79 (0.39, 1.63)	1.92 (0.62, 5.93)	1.22 (0.73, 2.02)	0.62 (0.31, 1.25)
Other joints with symptoms: 2 additional joints with symptoms	1.49 (1.20, 1.86)	1.59 (1.23, 2.04)	1.27 (1.08, 1.50)	1.45 (1.23, 1.71)
Ankle injury vs no ankle injury	0.65 (0.29, 1.45)	1.27 (0.68, 2.38)	1.2 0 (0.56, 2.61)	1.91 (0.81, 4.50)
Either foot or knee OA vs neither	1.14 (0.72, 1.80)	n/a	1.06 (0.78, 1.45)	1.06 (0.63, 1.78)

FAOS (foot and ankle outcome score), PAS (pain, aching, and stiffness score), OA (osteoarthritis), rAOA (radiographic ankle OA), BMI (body mass index), KLG (Kellgren-Lawrence grade), aOR (adjusted odds ratio), CI (confidence interval); Bold indicates statistically significant result; n/a, model did not converge