Table 4.
Results of proportional hazards regression of the progression to late age-related macular degeneration outcomes, according to interactions between nutrient intake and participant genotype, separately in the AREDS and AREDS2 cohorts: hazard ratios and P values.
| Nutrient | SNP | 0 | 1 | 2 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q4 vs Q1 | Q5 vs Q1 | Q4 vs Q1 | Q5 vs Q1 | Q4 vs Q1 | Q5 vs Q1 | ||
| AREDS | |||||||
| Late AMD | |||||||
| DHA | CFH rs10922109 | 1.22 (0.95, 1.58) | 0.93 (0.71, 1.24) | 0.81 (0.57, 1.15) | 0.45 (0.30, 0.67) | 0.86 (0.21, 3.60) | 0.77 (0.20, 3.04) |
| (0=CC; 1=CA; 2=AA) | 0.12 | 0.63 | 0.24 | <.0001 | 0.84* | 0.71* | |
| EPA | CFH rs10922109 | 1.01 (0.77, 1.31) | 0.94 (0.71, 1.24) | 0.68 (0.46, 1.01) | 0.53 (0.35, 0.79) | 0.70 (0.24, 2.00) | 0.19 (0.04, 0.91) |
| (0=CC; 1=CA; 2=AA) | 0.96 | 0.67 | 0.056 | 0.002 | 0.50* | 0.037* | |
| EPA+DHA | CFH rs10922109 | 1.16 (0.90, 1.49) | 0.90 (0.68, 1.19) | 0.70 (0.48, 1.02) | 0.49 (0.33, 0.73) | 0.78 (0.25, 2.47) | 0.49 (0.14, 1.66) |
| (0=CC; 1=CA; 2=AA) | 0.26 | 0.46 | 0.062 | 0.0005 | 0.67* | 0.25* | |
| Geographic atrophy | |||||||
| DHA | CFH rs1061170 | 0.39 (0.20, 0.75) | 0.50 (0.26, 0.93) | 0.94 (0.65, 1.36) | 0.65 (0.44, 0.95) | 1.46 (0.97, 2.19) | 0.99 (0.64, 1.53) |
| (0=TT; 1=TC; 2=CC) | 0.005 | 0.030 | 0.75 | 0.028 | 0.068 | 0.96 | |
| DHA | CFH rs10922109 | 1.34 (0.98, 1.83) | 0.95 (0.68, 1.32) | 0.59 (0.38, 0.91) | 0.49 (0.31, 0.77) | 0.90 (0.21, 3.77) | 0.63 (0.14, 2.79) |
| (0=CC; 1=CA; 2=AA) | 0.069 | 0.75 | 0.016 | 0.002 | 0.88* | 0.55* | |
| EPA+DHA | CFH rs1061170 | 0.35 (0.18, 0.68) | 0.51 (0.28, 0.93) | 0.93 (0.64, 1.34) | 0.70 (0.47, 1.02) | 1.14 (0.76, 1.69) | 0.96 (0.63, 1.47) |
| (0=TT; 1=TC; 2=CC) | 0.002 | 0.027 | 0.68 | 0.065 | 0.52 | 0.85 | |
| Neovascular AMD | |||||||
| DHA | ARMS2 rs10490924 | 0.96 (0.61, 1.51) | 0.41 (0.23, 0.72) | 1.35 (0.94, 1.94) | 0.89 (0.60, 1.33) | 1.07 (0.63, 1.84) | 1.20 (0.68, 2.11) |
| (0=GG; 1=GT; 2=TT) | 0.86 | 0.002 | 0.11 | 0.58 | 0.79 | 0.54 | |
| EPA | ARMS2 rs10490924 | 0.92 (0.58, 1.48) | 0.46 (0.26, 0.81) | 0.97 (0.67, 1.42) | 0.90 (0.61, 1.32) | 0.93 (0.54, 1.61) | 1.33 (0.77, 2.30) |
| (0=GG; 1=GT; 2=TT) | 0.74 | 0.008 | 0.88 | 0.58 | 0.81 | 0.31 | |
| EPA+DHA | ARMS2 rs10490924 | 0.91 (0.57, 1.47) | 0.46 (0.26, 0.81) | 1.11 (0.77, 1.60) | 0.84 (0.57, 1.23) | 1.14 (0.66, 1.96) | 1.15 (0.67, 2.00) |
| (0=GG; 1=GT; 2=TT) | 0.71 | 0.007 | 0.56 | 0.36 | 0.64 | 0.61 | |
| AREDS2 | |||||||
| Late AMD | |||||||
| Alcohol | C3 rs2230199 | 0.93 (0.73, 1.19) | 1.08 (0.86, 1.35) | 0.88 (0.67, 1.16) | 0.66 (0.50, 0.88) | 0.47 (0.23, 0.94) | 0.51 (0.29, 0.91) |
| (0=CC; 1=CG; 2=GG) | 0.57 | 0.53 | 0.36 | 0.005 | 0.034 | 0.023 | |
| Geographic atrophy | |||||||
| Copper | GRS group | 0.31 (0.09, 1.07) | 1.00 (0.41, 2.44) | 0.59 (0.34, 1.05) | 1.18 (0.73, 1.92) | 0.76 (0.50, 1.14) | 0.91 (0.61, 1.36) |
| 0.065 | 1.00 | 0.07 | 0.50 | 0.18 | 0.65 | ||
Abbreviations: AMD=age-related macular degeneration; ARMS2=age-related maculopathy susceptibility 2 gene; CFH=complement factor H gene; DHA=docosahexaenoic acid; EPA=eicosapentaenoic acid; GRS=genetic risk score; Q=quintile
Footnotes:
- results are shown in comparison to quintile 1 (reference), following adjustment for age, sex, smoking status, total calorie intake, body mass index (for AREDS participants only), and correlation between eyes
very low events numbers, owing to very low likelihood of progression to late AMD in participants with two protective alleles (irrespective of nutrient intake), hence no statistical significance despite hazard ratios below one