Table 2.
Means, SDs, and the results of multivariate ANOVA (MANOVA) analysis for the differences between youth’s moral decision making in sport and sport values by parenting style and sport type.
| Parenting style | Sport | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Authoritative (n = 67) | Non-authoritative (n = 43) | F (1,106) | Partial η2 | Team (n = 65) | Individual (n = 45) | F (1,106) | Partial η2 | |
| Moral decision-making | ||||||||
| Cheating | 1.82 (0.79) | 2.44 (0.94) | 13.07*** | 0.110 | 2.27 (0.88) | 1.76 (0.85) | 6.79** | 0.060 |
| Gamesmanship | 2.70 (1.10) | 2.93 (0.93) | 0.83 | 0.001 | 3.14 (0.94) | 2.28 (0.97) | 17.64*** | 0.143 |
| Proportion | 4.29 (0.72) | 4.05 (0.73) | 4.28* | 0.040 | 4.26 (0.65) | 4.11 (0.84) | 2.19 | 0.020 |
| Sport values | ||||||||
| Moral values | 3.69 (0.82) | 3.20 (0.88) | 9.78** | 0.084 | 3.45 (0.69) | 3.58 (1.09) | 0.03 | 0.000 |
| Competence values | 4.09 (0.75) | 3.91 (0.77) | 0.51 | 0.001 | 3.89 (0.63) | 4.19 (0.88) | 5.02* | 0.045 |
| Status values | 2.74 (1.15) | 3.14 (0.85) | 2.85 | 0.026 | 3.08 (0.94) | 2.62 (1.06) | 4.41* | 0.040 |
Partial η2 is a measure of effect size.
*
p ≤ 0.05.
**
p ≤ 0.01.
***
p ≤ 0.001.