TABLE 2.
Listed studies related to improved waterlogging tolerance via genetic engineering.
| Plant species | Gene | Ways | Functional response | References |
| Arabidopsis | AtACO5 and AtACS | Overexpression | Overexpression of ACO5 and ACS genes enhanced the generation of ethylene under waterlogging | Rauf et al., 2013 |
| Arabidopsis | AtLDH | Overexpression | Overexpression of LDH significantly enhanced the PDC activity and hypoxia resistance | Dolferus et al., 2008 |
| Arabidopsis | AtRAP2.6L | Overexpression | Overexpression of RAP2.6L promoted the expression of ABA biosynthesis genes, antioxidant defense system, and stomatal closure | Liu et al., 2012 |
| Oryza sativa | RBOHH | Knockout by CRISPR/Cas9 | Knockout of the RBOHH gene in rice reduces both ROS accumulation and aerenchyma formation | Yamauchi et al., 2017 |
| O. sativa | OsSK1 and OsSK2 | Overexpression | Overexpression of SK1/2 led to internode elongation | Hattori et al., 2009 |
| O. sativa | OsSub1A | Overexpression | Overexpression of Sub1A enhanced the transcription of ADH1 in transgenic rice and led to the enhanced ability to withstand waterlogging stress | Xu et al., 2006; Fukao and Bailey-Serres, 2008; Hattori et al., 2009 |
| Maize | ZmEREB180 | Overexpression | Overexpression of ZmEREB180 in maize improves the survival rate after long-term waterlogging stress via induced AR formation | Yu et al., 2019 |
| Petunia | PhERF2 | Overexpression and RNAi | PhERF2-RNAi lines had a mortality rate of 96% after flooding. PhERF2-overexpressing lines survived and showed faster and stronger recovery than WT plants. | Yin et al., 2019 |
| Kiwi fruit | AdRAP2.3 | Overexpression | Overexpression of AdRAP2.3 in tobacco improved the PDC and ADH enzyme activities and improved the expression levels of waterlogging mark genes in roots | Pan et al., 2019 |
| Wheat | TaERFVII.1 | Overexpression and VIGS | The constitutive expression of TaERFVII.1 gene in wheat boosted the immunity and overall yield. The silenced plants also decreased the transcript of several waterlogging−responsive genes | Wei et al., 2019 |
| Barley | HvERF2.11 | Overexpression | HvERF2.11 overexpression triggered the expression level of antioxidant enzyme biosynthesis genes and ethylene biosynthesis gene in Arabidopsis | Luan et al., 2020 |
| Sunflower | HaHB11 | Overexpression | Overexpressed in the Arabidopsis simultaneously impacted tolerance and biomass in a positive manner | Cabello et al., 2016 |