FIGURE 1.

The protein homeostasis network in E. coli cells. Protein homeostasis refers to the control of concentration, conformation, binding interactions, and localization of individual proteins making up the proteome by readapting the innate biology of the cell. It involves multiple pieces of cellular machinery for transcription, translation, protein folding, and protein degradation. Protein IBs formation in E. coli cells result from an unbalanced equilibrium among protein’s proper folding, aggregation and/or degradation. This figure was generated based on Balch et al. (2008) and Morimoto et al. (2019) with modifications.