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. 2021 Feb 23;11:4353. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-83673-4

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Mouse challenge model. AlbPLG1 mice were immunised i.m. with M1/alum (n = 10), T1/alum (n = 10), TeeVax1/alum (n = 9) or PBS/alum (n = 10). Two weeks after the final immunisation, all mice were challenged s.c. with GAS 5448 and monitored for 10 days. (A) Antibody titres from day 35 sera of immunised mice prior to challenge were measured by ELISA against cognate antigens. Circles = titre from PBS/alum-immunised mice, triangles = respective antigen-immunised mice. (B) Kaplan–Meier survival analysis of immunised mice challenged with GAS 5448. All groups were significantly protected from challenge compared to PBS control (log-rank Mantel-Cox test).