Table 4.
Multivariable models with both PHS and family history of prostate cancer (≥1 first-degree relative affected) for association with any prostate cancer in the multi-ethnic dataset, and by genetic ancestry.
| OncoArray genetic ancestry | Variable | beta | z-score | p Value | HR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All (n = 46,030) | PHS | 1.98 | 53.3 | <10−300 | 4.48 |
| Family history | 0.94 | 38.6 | <10−300 | 2.55 | |
| European (n = 39,445) | PHS | 2.06 | 56.2 | <10−300 | 4.80 |
| Family history | 0.92 | 38.1 | <10−300 | 2.50 | |
| Asian (n = 1028) | PHS | 1.89 | 50.7 | <10−300 | 4.17 |
| Family history | 0.72 | 21.2 | 9.5 × 10−100 | 2.05 | |
| African (n = 5557) | PHS | 1.11 | 26.2 | 2.6 × 10−151 | 2.22 |
| Family history | 1.14 | 46.7 | <10−300 | 3.11 |
This analysis is limited to individuals with known family history. Both family history and PHS were significantly associated with any prostate cancer in the combined models. Hazard ratios (HRs) for family history were calculated as the exponent of the beta from the multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression56. The HR for PHS in the multivariable models was estimated as the HR80/20 (men in the highest 20% vs. those in the lowest 20% of genetic risk by PHS2) in each cohort. p Values reported are two-tailed from the Cox models. The model with PHS performed better than family history alone (log-likelihood p < 10−300).