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. 2021 Feb 23;11:4366. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-83658-3

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Optoacoustic imaging of tissue mimicking phantoms containing compounds 3D (top) and 3A (bottom) both as free dye (1 mM) (left) and as dye encapsulated in CW-MSN (0.1 OD) (right). Different colorbar scales are used to denote different dyes (HSB_HSL for compound 3D and green for compound 3A). Dyes 3A and 3D only controls showed similar MSOT signal strengths of 3.6 a.u. and 4.0 a.u., respectively. The optoacoustic signal presented by 3A CW-MSN was significantly lower (0.23 a.u.) than that of 3A dye only. An opposite trend was observed for comparison the optoacoustic signal of 3D dye only control and the signal of 3D CW-MSN, 15.5 a.u., which was significantly higher than both free 3D dye (4.0 a.u. signal) and 3A CW-MSN (0.23 X signal) p < 0.05. The retention of 3D within the CW-MSN is likely due to the hydrophobic nature of the dye in comparison to the more hydrophilic 3A dye.