TABLE 4.
PHAs extraction from mixed microbial cultures with solvents.
| Solvent class | Solvent type and extraction conditions | PHA type and content (wt%) | Recovery (%) | Purity (%) | Molecular weight (MDa) | Polydispersity index (PDI) | References |
| Halogenated solvents | CH2Cl2 (50°) | P(HB-HV) (40) | 52 | 94 | 1.4 | 2.0 | Samorì et al., 2015a |
| CH2Cl2 (acetone pretreatment) | P(HB-HV) (25) | 18–30 | – | 2-3 | 1.3 | Patel et al., 2009 | |
| CH2Cl2 | PHB (72) | 56 | 98 | 1.8 | – | Jiang et al., 2015 | |
| CHCl3 (37°C, HCl pretreatment) | P(HB-HV) (40–65) | – | – | 0.2–0.4 | 1.3–1.7 | Duque et al., 2014 | |
| CHCl3 (100°C) | PHA | – | – | 0.3–0.9 | 1.7–3.9 | Bengtsson et al., 2010 | |
| CHCl3 (100°C) | P(HB-HV) (25) | – | – | 0.3–1.0 | 1.5–2.5 | Morgan-Sagastume et al., 2010 | |
| CHCl3 (37°C) | P(HB-HV) (65–72) | – | – | 0.2–0.6 | 2.3–2.7 | Albuquerque et al., 2011 | |
| CHCl3 | P(HB-HV) (28) | – | – | 0.1–0.4 | 2.2–3.7 | Dai et al., 2007 | |
| CHCl3 (4°C) | PHA | – | – | 0.4–0.6 | 1.4–1.7 | Dai et al., 2008 | |
| CHCl3 (reflux) | PHB (60) | – | – | 0.5 | – | Dobroth et al., 2011 | |
| CHCl3 (100°C, acidic MeOH and benzoic acid pre-treatment) | P(HB-HV) | – | – | 0.1–0.9 | 1–6 | Lemos et al., 1998 | |
| CHCl3 | PHB (66) | – | – | 2.1–3.4 | 1.3–2.2 | Serafim et al., 2008b | |
| CHCl3 (reflux, acetone pretreatment) | PHB | – | – | 0.2–0.4 | 1.2–2.7 | Hu et al., 2013 | |
| C2H4Cl2 (100°C, HCl and PrOH) | PHB (89) | – | – | – | – | Johnson et al., 2009 | |
| Alcohols | Butanol (125°C) | P(HB-HV) (15) | – | 95–98 | 0.4–0.6 | 1.8–3.4 | Laycock et al., 2014 |
| 2-butanol (125°C) | PHB (44) | 83 | – | 0.7 | – | Werker et al., 2015 | |
| Carbonates | Dimethyl carbonate (90°C) | P(HB-HV) (40) | 49 | 98 | 1.3 | 1.9 | Samorì et al., 2015a |
| Dimethyl carbonate (soxhlet) | P(HB-HV) (40) | 41 | 87 | 0.5 | 2.9 | Samorì et al., 2015a | |
| Dimethyl carbonate (90°C, NaClO pretreatment for 5 min at rt) | P(HB-HV) (40) | 40 | 92 | 0.6 | 2.6 | Samorì et al., 2015a | |
| Dimethyl carbonate (90°C, NaClO pretreatment for 15 min at rt) | P(HB-HV) (40) | 62 | 98 | 0.8 | 2.4 | Samorì et al., 2015a | |
| Dimethyl carbonate (90°C, NaClO pretreatment for 1h at rt) | P(HB-HV) (40) | 76 | 88 | 0.6 | 2.3 | Samorì et al., 2015a | |
| Dimethyl carbonate (90°C, NaClO pretreatment for 5 min at 100°C) | P(HB-HV) (40) | 72 | 89 | 0.5 | 2.8 | Samorì et al., 2015a | |
| Dimethyl carbonate (90°C, NaClO pretreatment for 15 min at 100°C) | P(HB-HV) (40) | 72 | 92 | 0.5 | 2.4 | Samorì et al., 2015b | |
| Dimethyl carbonate (90°C, NaClO pretreatment for 1h at 100°C) | P(HB-HV) (40) | 82 | 93 | 0.2 | 2.5 | Samorì et al., 2015a | |
| Dimethyl carbonate (90°C, twice) | P(HB-HV) (40) | 12 | 95 | 1.2 | 2.7 | Samorì et al., 2015a | |
| Ketones | Acetone (125°C) | P(HB-HV) (15) | – | 95–98 | 0.4–0.6 | 1.9–3.4 | Arcos-Hernández et al., 2013 |
| Acetone (125°C) | P(HB-HV) (15) | – | 95–99 | 0.5–0.6 | 1.9–3.0 | Laycock et al., 2014 | |
| Acetone (125°C) | P(HB-HV) | 51 | 75–98 | 0.2–0.6 | 1.7 ± 0.1 | Chan et al., 2017 |
The investigated parameters are the solvents used for the extraction, the initial content of PHA in bacteria (wt% by dry weight) and the recovery (%), and the properties of the extracted PHA (purity%, molecular weight in MDa and polydispersity index).