Table 3.
Logistic Regression Analyses Examining the Association between GAD Symptom Severity and Substance (N=932)
| Variable | Cigarettes AORa (CI) |
p | Hazardous Drinking AORa (CI) |
p | Marijuana AORa (CI) |
p | Crack/ Cocaine AORa (CI) |
p | Injection Drugs AORa (CI) |
p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GAD | ||||||||||
| None-Mild (Referent) | ||||||||||
| Moderate-Severe | 1.71 (1.18-2.46) | 0.004 | 1.50 (1.04-2.16) | 0.028 | 1.28 (0.87-1.86) | 0.202 | 1.75 (1.13-2.69) | 0.011 | 1.70 (0.86-3.34) | 0.125 |
| Depression | ||||||||||
| No (Referent) | ||||||||||
| Other Depression | 1.35 (0.73-2.49) | 0.532 | 1.15 (0.64-2.07) | 0.630 | 1.74 (0.94-3.20) | 0.075 | 1.50 (0.77-2.88) | 0.225 | 1.23 (0.43-3.52) | 0.696 |
| Major Depression | 0.86 (0.45-1.66) | 0.334 | 1.06 (0.57-1.99) | 0.833 | 1.50 (0.77-2.92) | 0.232 | 1.14 (0.56-2.33) | 0.712 | 1.65 (0.62-4.39) | 0.312 |
| Age | ||||||||||
| 18-34 (Referent) | ||||||||||
| 35-44 | 1.17 (0.72-1.92) | 0.511 | 0.71 (0.43-1.17) | 0.188 | 0.66 (0.40-1.10) | 0.114 | 1.25 (0.66-2.34) | 0.484 | 0.73 (0.29-1.83) | 0.505 |
| 45-54 | 1.10 (0.71-1.70) | 0.658 | 0.87 (0.56-1.35) | 0.537 | 0.55 (0.35-0.88) | 0.013 | 1.52 (0.87-2.68) | 0.139 | 0.82 (0.37-1.80) | 0.631 |
| 55+ | 1.05 (0.64-1.72) | 0.828 | 0.97 (0.59-1.61) | 0.935 | 0.37 (0.21-0.63) | <0.001 | 1.44 (0.75-2.75) | 0.262 | 0.77 (0.29-2.00) | 0.599 |
| Sex | ||||||||||
| Male (Referent) | ||||||||||
| Female | 0.75 (0.51-1.10) | 0.145 | 0.90 (0.61-1.32) | 0.596 | 0.64 (0.42-0.97) | 0.040 | 0.77 (0.48-1.25) | 0.298 | 0.60 (0.25-1.44) | 0.257 |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||||||||
| Non- Hispanic, Black (Referent) | ||||||||||
| Non-Hispanic, White | 0.88 (0.60-1.30) | 0.535 | 1.10 (0.74-1.64) | 0.634 | 1.09 (0.73-1.63) | 0.684 | 0.63 (0.39-1.03) | 0.065 | 2.51 (1.21-5.23) | 0.014 |
| Hispanic | 0.69 (0.46-1.04) | 0.076 | 0.85 (0.56-1.30) | 0.461 | 0.52 (0.33-0.82) | 0.005 | 0.47 (0.27-0.83) | 0.008 | 2.08 (0.96-4.48) | 0.061 |
| Non-Hispanic, Other | 1.13 (0.52-2.44) | 0.754 | 1.31 (0.60-2.88) | 0.496 | 1.35 (0.61-3.00) | 0.461 | 0.75 (0.27-2.07) | 0.576 | 1.78 (0.38-8.46) | 0.464 |
| Education | ||||||||||
| < High school (Referent) | ||||||||||
| High school | 0.86 (0.59-1.27) | 0.466 | 0.66 (0.45-0.98) | 0.041 | 1.29 (0.86-1.95) | 0.213 | 0.98 (0.62-1.57) | 0.960 | 1.13 (0.54-2.37) | 0.734 |
| >High school | 0.37 (0.25-0.55) | <0.001 | 0.46 (0.31-0.69) | <0.001 | 0.83 (0.54-1.27) | 0.405 | 0.65 (0.40-1.07) | 0.093 | 1.48 (0.54-4.07) | 0.153 |
| Marital Status | ||||||||||
| Divorced, Widowed, Separated (Referent) | ||||||||||
| Married, Long-term Partner | 0.98 (0.67-1.43) | 0.941 | 1.24 (0.83-1.85) | 0.279 | 1.02 (0.68-1.53) | 0.903 | 1.35 (0.81-2.27) | 0.245 | 1.19 (0.55-2.58) | 0.646 |
| Sexual Orientation | ||||||||||
| Heterosexual (Referent) | ||||||||||
| Gay | 0.79 (0.52-1.18) | 0.254 | 1.10 (0.72-1.68) | 0.629 | 1.04 (0.67-1.61) | 0.850 | 1.34 (0.81-2.22) | 0.247 | 1.69 (0.77-3.71) | 0.186 |
| Bisexual | 1.48 (0.86-2.55) | 0.153 | 1.18 (0.69-2.03) | 0.537 | 1.59 (0.90-2.80) | 0.108 | 1.23 (0.64-2.34) | 0.524 | 1.48 (0.54-4.07) | 0.445 |
| Insurance Status | ||||||||||
| Yes (Referent) | ||||||||||
| No | 1.08 (0.57-2.04) | 0.804 | 0.69 (0.37-1.30) | 0.261 | 1.00 (0.51-1.99) | 0.978 | 0.57 (0.27-1.18) | 0.136 | 0.75 (0.26-2.17) | 0.602 |
a
Note. Bold values indicate significance at p < 0.05. Controlled for depressive symptoms, age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, marital status, sexual orientation, and insurance status.