Table 1.
Characteristics of studies included in this meta-analysis
| First author | Country | Sample size | Exposure | Dosage | Outcome | OR/HR (95% CI) | Adjustment | Study design | NOS scores | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Famotidine use | Non-famotidine use | |||||||||
| Cheung [16] | China | 23 | 929 | On the day of admission | NA | Critical complication [respiratory failure, septic shock, and/or multiple organ dysfunction], ventilatory support, intensive care unit admission, and/or death | OR: 1.34(0.24–7.48) | Adjusteda | Cohort | 9 |
| Freedberg [6] | USA | 84 | 1536 | Within 24 h of hospital admission | 10, 20, or 40 mg/d IV a median 5.8 days of drug for a total median dose of 136 mg (63–233 mg) | A composite of death or endotracheal intubation from hospital day 2 to day 30 (intubation-free survival) | HR: 0.43(0.21–0.88) | Propensity score matchingb | Cohort | 8 |
| Mather [15] | USA | 83 | 795 | Within +/− 7 days of COVID-19 screening and/or hospital admission | 20,40 mg/d IV 20 mg/2 ml oral median total dose was 80 mg (40–160 mg) median of 4 days (2–8 days) |
(1) In-hospital death, requirement for mechanical ventilation, and the composite of death or requirement for ventilation (2) Mortality |
(1) HR: 0.51(0.31–0.79) (2) HR: 0.39(0.20–0.74) |
Propensity score matchingc | Cohort | 8 |
| Shoaibi [32] | USA | 1623 | 24,404 | On the day of admission |
20 or 40 mg oral and/or IV |
(1) Death and death or intensive services (combined). Intensive services were defined as any condition, procedure, or observation code indicative of mechanical ventilation, tracheostomy, or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (2) Mortality |
(1) HR: 1.00(0.86–1.16) (2) HR: 1.03(0.86–1.24) |
Propensity score matchingd | Cohort | 9 |
| Yeramaneni [33] | USA | 1127 | 6031 | Within 24 h of admission | A median 6.0 days and median cumulative dose of 160 mg (IQR, 80–300 mg) | 30-day mortality | OR: 1.59(0.94–2.71) | Adjustede | Cohort | 7 |
NA not applicable
aAdjusted for age, sex, comorbidities (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, stroke, and atrial fibrillation), other medications (angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, aspirin, statins, and prednisolone), and laboratory parameters (leukocyte, platelet, C-reactive protein, urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, albumin, globulin, and lactate dehydrogenase)
bThe variables used for the propensity score calculation including age, sex, race, body mass index (BMI), comorbidities (diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery disease, heart failure, end-stage renal disease or chronic kidney disease, chronic pulmonary disorders), Initial oxygen requirement (room air, nasal cannula, non-rebreather, or similar)
cThe variables used for the propensity score calculation including age, sex, smoking status, body mass index (BMI), comorbidities (atrial fibrillation, asthma, coronary artery disease, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, heart failure, hypertension, obesity, kidney disease)
dThe variables used for the propensity score calculation including age, gender, general medical history (acute respiratory disease, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, chronic liver disease, chronic obstructive lung disease, Crohn's disease, dementia, depressive disorder, diabetes mellitus, gastroesophageal reflux disease, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, human immunodeficiency virus infection, hyperlipidemia, hypertensive disorder, lesion of liver, obesity, osteoarthritis, pneumonia, psoriasis, renal impairment, rheumatoid arthritis, schizophrenia, ulcerative colitis, urinary tract infectious disease, viral hepatitis C, visual system disorder), cardiovascular medical history (atrial fibrillation, cerebrovascular disease, coronary arteriosclerosis, heart disease, heart failure, ischemic heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, pulmonary embolism, venous thrombosis), neoplasms history (hematologic neoplasm, malignant lymphoma, malignant neoplasm of anorectum, malignant neoplastic disease, malignant tumor of breast, malignant tumor of colon, malignant tumor of urinary bladder, primary malignant neoplasm of prostate)
eAdjusted for baseline World Health Organization severity, smoking and use of other medications