Table 2.

Prevalence of NPSV for India, rural and urban by socioeconomic and demographic characteristic (2015–16), N = 74,698.

Characteristic	India				Rural			Urban
	%	CI	chi-2		%	CI	chi-2	%	CI	chi-2
Household sanitation facility
Yes	0.44	[0.37,0.50]		chi2 = 8.06; p = 0.005	0.18	[0.12,0.23]	chi2 = 12.33; p = 0.000	0.71	[0.58,0.83]	chi2 = 0.001; p = 0.971
No	0.46	[0.39,0.53]			0.44	[0.36,0.51]		0.57	[0.38,0.76]
Age
15-24	0.56	[0.45,0.66]		chi2 = 5.29 p = 0.071	0.32	[0.22,0.41]	chi2 = 3.42; p = 0.181	1.04	[0.77,1.31]	chi2 = 3.04 p = 0.219
25-34	0.39	[0.31,0.46]			0.32	[0.24,0.40]		0.50	[0.34,0.65]
35-49	0.41	[0.33,0.48]			0.34	[0.25,0.42]		0.52	[0.37,0.67]
Education
Up to and including primary	0.33	[0.26,0.39]		chi2 = 1.04; p = 0.594	0.38	[0.28,0.46]	chi2 = 0.706; p = 0.702	0.18	[0.07,0.28]	chi2 = 5.02; p = 0.081
Secondary	0.53	[0.45,0.60]			0.28	[0.21,0.34]		0.93	[0.75,1.10]
Higher	0.54	[0.38,0.69]			0.33	[0.13,0.51		0.67	[0.43,0.90]
Marital status
Never Married	0.57	[0.43,0.69]		chi2 = 11.15; p = 0.001	0.37	[0.24,0.50]	chi2 = 10.67; p = 0.001	0.88	[0.60,1.15]	chi2 = 1.31; p = 0.251
Ever married women	0.42	[0.36,0.46]			0.32	[0.26,0.36]		0.61	[0.49,0.72]
Caste
Scheduled castes	0.41	[0.29,0.51]		chi2 = 5.08; p = 0.166	0.46	[0.32,0.59]	chi2 = 7.27; p = 0.064	0.28	[0.09,0.45]	chi2 = 5.02; p = 0.170
Scheduled tribes	1.03	[0.86,1.19]			0.50	[0.37,0.63]		3.52	[2.82,4.22]
Other backward class	0.27	[0.20,0.33]			0.26	[0.18,0.33]		0.29	[0.17,0.39]
None of them	0.58	[0.47,0.68]			0.25	[0.1,0.33]		0.97	[0.73,1.19]
Religion
Hindu	0.47	[0.41,0.52]		chi2 = 4.23; p = 0.120	0.34	[0.28,0.40]	chi2 = 4.36; p = 0.113	0.73	[0.59,0.86]	chi2 = 1.14; p = 0.565
Muslim	0.31	[0.20,0.41]			0.19	[0.08,0.29]		0.45	[0.24,0.65]
Others	0.52	[0.37,0.66]			0.42	[0.26,0.57]		0.69	[0.37,0.99]
Household water facility
Within or nearby premises	0.44	[0.39,0.49]		chi2 = 11.13; p = 0.001	0.31	[0.26,0.36]	chi2 = 5.03; p = 0.025	0.68	[0.56,0.78]	chi2 = 12.57; p = 0.000
Away from premises	0.56	[0.36,0.75]			0.53	[0.32,0.72]		0.71	[0.09,1.33]
Wealth quintile (without sanitation variable)
Poor	0.49	[0.39,0.57]		chi2 = 7.77; p = 0.021	0.50	[0.40,0.59]	chi2 = 8.95; p = 0.011	0.37	[0.09,0.64]	chi2 = 2.11; p = 0.348
Middle	0.42	[0.33,0.49]			0.24	0.17,0.31]		0.87	[0.64,1.09]
Rich	0.46	[0.37,0.53]			0.21	[0.12,0.28]		0.63	[0.49,0.76]
Working status of women
No	0.33	[0.28,0.37]		chi2 = 42.51; p = 0.000	0.22	[0.17,0.26]	chi2 = 33.25; p = 0.000	0.54	[0.42,0.64]	chi2 = 9.70; p = 0.002
Yes	0.81	[0.68,0.94]			0.65	[0.51,0.78]		1.14	[0.84,1.42]
Total prevelance rate of NMSV	0.45	[0.40, 0.49]			0.33	[0.27, 0.37]		0.68	[0.56,0.78]