Table 18.
Survey logistic regression analysis: Reported disturbance and threats to wellbeing. Base: all CHWs using personal phones for work.
| (a) Disturbance to regular work | (b) Disturbance: after-hours calls | (c) Disturbance: night calls | (d) Unwanted calls | (e) Effects on personal relationships | (f) Increased workload | (g) Increased stress | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | ||
| Ghana (N = 580) | Gender | |||||||
| Male | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
| Female | 1.06 (0.71, 1.57) | 0.95 (0.68, 1.32) | 0.93 (0.55, 1.55) | 1.39 (0.82, 2.35) | 1.02 (0.62, 1.70) | 1.15 (0.69, 1.90) | 1.17 (0.76, 1.80) | |
| Age | ||||||||
| Per additional year | 1.00 (0.96, 1.04) | 1.01 (0.98, 1.03) | 1.02 (0.99, 1.04) | 1.01 (0.98, 1.03) | 1.02 (0.99, 1.05) | 0.99 (0.96, 1.03) | 1.00 (0.94, 1.06) | |
| Location | ||||||||
| Urban | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
| Rural | 0.78 (0.51, 1.18) | 0.74 (0.50, 1.10) | 0.94 (0.63, 1.40) | 1.01 (0.55, 1.84) | 1.18 (0.81, 1.73) | 0.73 (0.45, 1.17) | 0.73 (0.37, 1.42) | |
| Ethiopia (N = 1004) | Age | |||||||
| Per additional year | 0.96 (0.93, 0.99)* | 0.94 (0.90, 0.98)** | 0.96 (0.90, 1.01) | 0.93 (0.88, 0.98)* | 0.92 (0.88, 0.96)*** | 0.92 (0.86, 0.98)* | 0.93 (0.87, 0.98)** | |
| Location | ||||||||
| Urban | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
| Rural | 1.47 (0.52, 4.15) | 1.79 (0.63, 5.09) | 2.77 (0.91, 8.46)* | 2.15 (0.76, 6.11) | 2.11 (0.73, 6.06) | 2.19 (0.70, 6.86) | 3.29 (1.42, 7.58)** | |
| Malawi (N = 565) | Gender | |||||||
| Male | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
| Female | 1.31 (0.75, 2.30) | 1.06 (0.67, 1.69) | 0.96 (0.55, 1.66) | 0.94 (0.57, 1.55) | 0.84 (0.49, 1.43) | 0.83 (0.43, 1.59) | 0.98 (0.51, 1.87) | |
| Age | ||||||||
| Per additional year | 1.01 (0.97, 1.04) | 1.02 (0.99, 1.05) | 1.04 (0.998, 1.08) | 0.99 (0.95, 1.03) | 0.98 (0.93, 1.03) | 0.95 (0.90, 0.997)* | 0.95 (0.90, 1.01) | |
| Location | ||||||||
| Urban | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
| Rural | 0.73 (0.42, 1.27) | 0.91 (0.54, 1.54) | 0.88 (0.52, 1.48) | 1.69 (0.99, 2.91) | 1.38 (0.67, 2.83) | 0.90 (0.49, 1.65) | 0.78 (0.39, 1.54) | |
Note: Odds ratios are reported, with 95% confidence intervals in brackets. Statistically significant results shown in bold: * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.