Table 1.

Evidence of the chemopreventive effect of bioactive compounds of blueberries against skin cancer.

Bioactive products derived from blueberry	Doses	Model	Effects on skin cancer	References
Anthocyanin-rich extract	$200y400\mu g/ml$	Cell line B16–F10	Proliferation in B16–F10 cells was inhibited in a dose- dependent manner.	[61]
Resveratrol	${10}^{-2},{10}^{-1},1.5,10\mu M$	Cell line A375SM	The viability of the cellular line of melanoma was significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner.	[76, 77]
Resveratrol	$1,10\mu M$	Cell line A375SM	- Expression of p21 y p27 was activated, which induced cell cycle arrest in melanoma cells. - Apoptosis was induced.	[76, 77]
Delphinidin	$10mM$	Cell line HaCaT	Pre-treatment with delphinidin prevented apoptosis induced by UVB in HaCaT cells.	[78]
Delphinidin	$1-20mM$	Cell line HaCaT	Strong dose-dependent antioxidant activity and inhibition of lipid peroxidation induced by UVB rays was evidenced in HaCaT cells.	[78]
Agraz extract (Vaccinium meridionale Swartz)	$10,50and100\mu g/ml$	Cell line HT1080	Agraz extract provided significant protection in cell viability at the concentrations of 50 and 100 μg/ml for 48 h before exposure to rotenone-induced oxidative stress.	[79]
Cyanidin-3-O- (6-OP-coumaril) -monoglucoside + Na	$10\frac{mg}{ml}acaiextract$	BALB/3T3 Fibroblasts	The production of ROS induced by UVA in immortalized fibroblasts was mitigated.	[80]
Malvidin-petunidin-glucoside-epicatechin	$10\frac{mg}{ml}acaiextract$	BALB/3T3 Fibroblasts	The production of ROS induced by UVA in immortalized fibroblasts was mitigated.	[80]
Cyanidin - 3 - glucoside	$30\mu g/ml$	Primary keratinocytes C57BL/6	Reduced oxidation mediated by UV in keratinocytes.	[81]
Berry extract (wild blueberry, bilberry, cranberry, elderberry, raspberry seed and strawberry)	$250\mu g/ml$	Cell line HaCaT	Potential inhibition of the expression of $H_2{O}_2$ and the induction of VEGF induced by TNFα in human keratinocytes.	[82]
“Bluecrop” blueberry extract (BE)	$6\frac{mg}{ml},8\frac{mg}{ml},10\frac{mg}{ml}$	Cell line HaCaT, HFF	Treatment with BE reduced the levels of transcription of inflammatory cytokine genes including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8, and IL-6.	[83]
Delphinidin	$1\frac{mg}{100ml}DMSO/mouse$	SKH-1 Mice	Topical application of delphinidin in SKH-1 hairless mice inhibited apoptosis mediated by UV and DNA damage markers, such as cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers.	[78]
Cyanidin-3-glucoside	$250y500\mu M$	SKH-1 Mice	Inhibited DNA damage and skin inflammation in SKH-1 hairless mice.	[84]