Table 4.
Brain regions significantly associated with anosognosia across 2 or more functional modalities
| Region | N of fMRI studies | N of SPECT studies | N of FDG-PET studies | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frontal | A | M | B | T | A | M | B | T | A | M | B | T |
| Inferior frontal Gyrus | 4 | 1 | 5↓ | 1 | 1 | 2↓ | ||||||
| Superior frontal Gyrus | 1 | 1↓ | 1 | 1↓ | 1 | 1↓ | ||||||
| Middle/medial frontal Gyrus | 1 | 1↓ | 1 | 1↓ | ||||||||
| Prefrontal cortex (PFC) | ||||||||||||
| Orbitofrontal | 1 | 1↓✝ | 1 | 1↓✝ | 1 | 1 | 2↓✝ | |||||
| Dorsolateral PFC |
1 |
1↓✝ |
1 |
1↓ |
||||||||
| Temporal | ||||||||||||
| Medial temporal lobe |
2 |
2↓ |
1 |
1↓ |
1 |
1↓ |
||||||
| Cingulate cortex | ||||||||||||
| Anterior cingulate cortex | 1 | 1 | 2↓ | 1 | 1↓ | 2 | 2↓ | |||||
| Posterior cingulate cortex |
1✝ |
1↓✝ |
1 |
1↑ |
1✝ |
1↓✝ |
||||||
| Insular | ||||||||||||
| Insula |
1 |
1↓ |
1 |
1↓ |
||||||||
| None | ||||||||||||
| None | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
A = Anosognosia study, M = Metacognition study, B = Study using both anosognosia and metacognition measures, T = Total N of studies.
Key: FDG-PET, fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography; fMRI = functional magnetic resonance imaging
↓ = negative—decreased blood flow/glucose metabolism associated with worse anosognosia/metacognition scores.
↑ = positive correlation—increased blood flow/glucose metabolism associated with worse anosognosia/metacognition score.
✝ Perrotin et al. (2015) found significance across FDG-PET & fMRI.