Table 1.
Non-neoplastic Lesions of the Urogenital Tract in Nonhuman Primates Observed Over a >30-year Period (1989–2019) at Two Primate Centers
| Frequency of Diagnosis | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diagnosis (total) | Chimpanzee | Baboon | Macaque | Sooty Mangabey | NWM |
| Kidney | |||||
| Amyloidosis (244) | 2 | 139 | 68 | 6 | 29 |
| Cysts (82) | 6 | 200 | 63 | 4 | 7 |
| Degeneration, tubular (81) | 1 | 13 | 59 | 4 | 4 |
| GN/Glomerulopathy (228) | 22 | 97 | 20 | 5 | 84 |
| Nephritis (1261) | 64 | 569 | 281 | 40 | 307 |
| Nephrocalcinosis (120) | 4 | 69 | 34 | - | 13 |
| Nephropathy or nephrosis (156) | 7 | 47 | 66 | 2 | 34 |
| Pyelonephritis (164) | 5 | 133 | 18 | 4 | 4 |
| Hydronephrosis (73) | 3 | 49 | 19 | 1a | 1 |
| Ureter | |||||
| Hydroureter (34) | 1 | 29 | 3 | 1 | - |
| Urinary bladder | |||||
| Cystitis (169) | 4 | 112 | 43 | 5 | 5 |
| Cyst (10) | 1 | 7 | 2 | - | - |
| Endometriosis (45) | - | 30 | 13 | 2 | - |
| Urethra | |||||
| Urethritis (15) | 2 | 6 | 5 | - | 2 |
| Ovary | |||||
| Cyst (188) | 10 | 90 | 76 | 6 | 6 |
| Endometriosis (71) | - | 45 | 26 | - | - |
| Mineralization (17) | - | 6 | 11 | - | - |
| Atrophy (12) | 2 | 8 | 2 | - | - |
| Oophoritis (5) | - | 4 | 1 | - | - |
| Oviduct | |||||
| Endometriosis (13) | - | 11 | 2 | - | - |
| Cyst (7) | 1 | 1 | 2 | - | 3 |
| Salpingitis (4) | - | 1 | 2 | - | 1 |
| Ectopic decidua (4) | - | 2 | 2 | - | - |
| Uterus & Cervix uteri | |||||
| Endometriosis (472) | 1 | 298 | 152 | 18 | 3 |
| Adenomyosis (292) | 10 | 226 | 46 | 3 | 7 |
| Metritis/endometritis (133) | 3 | 65 | 54 | 6 | 5 |
| Uterine prolapse (12) | - | 2 | 10 | - | - |
| Uterine rupture (11) | - | 10 | 1 | - | - |
| Cervicitis (18) | - | 4 | 13 | 1 | - |
| Vagina & Vulva | |||||
| Vaginitis/vulvitis (49) | 2 | 39 | 6 | 2 | - |
| Ulcer (vaginal, vulvar, perineal) (30) | 1 | 29 | - | - | - |
| Obstruction, stricture, stenosis | - | 40 | - | - | - |
| (vaginal, vulvar) (40) | - | ||||
| Vaginal prolapse (9) | - | 3 | 6 | - | - |
| Testis & Epididymis | |||||
| Atrophy, testicular (80) | 6 | 62 | 14 | - | 8 |
| Degeneration (13) | 2 | 6 | 4 | 1 | - |
| Orchitis (25) | 1 | 16 | 7 | - | 1 |
| Male Accessory Sex Glands | |||||
| Atrophy, prostatic (21) | 1 | 9 | 1 | - | 10 |
| Prostatitis, NS (170) | 5 | 95 | 64 | - | 6 |
| Seminal vesiculitis (4) | - | 3 | 1 | - | - |
| Penis, Prepuce & Scrotum | |||||
| Balanitis/balanoposthitis (8) | - | 4 | 4c | - | - |
| Dermatitis, scrotal (9) | 1 | 7 | 1d | - | - |
| Edema, scrotal or preputial (9) | 5b | 1 | 2 | 1 | - |
| Paraphimosis with penile necrosis (1) | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Ulcer, penile (9) | - | 7 | 2e | - | - |
Abbreviations and footnotes: NWM, New World monkey; GN, glomerulonephritis
a
Secondary to endometriosis lesions;
b
Four of 5 cases secondary to congestive heart failure;
c
Vesicular balanoposthitis due to Herpes B virus infection in one case (a rhesus macaque);
d
Exudative scrotal dermatitis in a rhesus macaque;
e
Due to self-injurious behavior.