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. 2021 Feb 5;21(4):321. doi: 10.3892/etm.2021.9752

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Copyright: © Liu et al.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Oxidative stress measurement under glycemia in vitro and in vivo. (A) ROS test by flow cytometry in HK2 cells in vitro. (B) Quantitation of ROS levels in HK2 cells. (C) MDA, (D) GSH, (E) SOD and (F) catalase concentration or IU in kidney tissues in normal control, DN-wild and DN NGAL^-/- mice in vivo. NGAL, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin; HK2, human kidney 2; ROS, reactive oxygen species; MDA, malonaldehyde; GSH, glutathione; SOD, superoxide dismutase; DN, diabetic nephropathy; KD, knockdown; NC, negative control; HG, high glucose; NG, normal glucose.