Table 1.

Clinical characteristics of patients (PCa) and controls (BPH) in the Training, Validation1 and Validation 2 cohorts

	Training cohort					Validation cohort 1						Validation cohort 2
	All n = 70	BPH n = 37 52%	PCa n = 33 48%		p		All n = 90	BPH n = 45 50%	PCa n = 45 50%		p		All n = 110	BPH n = 65 59%	PCa n = 45 41%		p
Age (Years)	67.15 ± 9	65.2 ± 10	69.1 ± 8		.314	Age (Years)	68 ± 8	66 ± 8	69.8 ± 7.8		.061	Age (Years)	69 ± 7.3	67.1 ± 7	70 ± 7.2		.154
PSA (ng/ml)	7.8 ± 5.5	5.6 ± 2	10 ± 5		.001	PSA (ng/ml)	8.78 ± 6	8.7 ± 4.8	8.8 ± 5.6		.769	PSA (ng/ml)	7 ± 5.8	7 ± 5.3	7.2 ± 6.7		.874
TRUS Volume (ml)	53.5 ± 29	68 ± 28	39 ± 12		.001	TRUS Volume (ml)	51.8 ± 28	55 ± 23	48 ± 21		.321	TRUS Volume (ml)	55 ± 27	61	45.5 ± 19		.053
			EG < 2 n = 14 42%	EG > 3 n = 19 45%					EG < 2 n = 12 27%	EG > 3 n = 19 73%					EG < 2 n = 28 62%	EG > 3 n = 17 38%
Age (Years)			69.8 ± 7.7	67 ± 8	.743	Age (Years)			68.5 ± 7.3	70 ± 8	.465	Age (Years)			69 ± 7	73 ± 7	.308
PSA (ng/ml)			10 ± 6.8	9.6 ± 4.5	.924	PSA (ng/ml)			5.8 ± 2	9.9 ± 6.2	.022	PSA (ng/ml)			6.5 ± 2.9	9.06 ± 7	.029
TRUS Volume (ml)			37 ± 12	40 ± 11	.487	TRUS Volume (ml)			48 ± 27	48 ± 18	.906	TRUS Volume (ml)			43.5 ± 19	54.5 ± 19	.664

Abbreviations: BPH Benign Prostate Hyperplasia, PCa Prostate cancer, PSA Prostate Specific Antigen, TRUS transrectal ultrasound, EG Epstein group. Data are presented as median ± standard deviation