Table A1:

Treatment-Control baseline balance of households

	All households		Households with youth at baseline		Households contributing youth respondents at various survey rounds
	Control	Treatment	Control	Treatment	Control	Treatment
Household head’s characteristics
Female	0.66	0.69	0.64	0.69*	0.65	0.69
Age	59.25	56.43	56.24	52.57	53.04	52.81
Widow	0.37	0.37	0.30	0.32	0.30	0.31
Divorced/separated	0.07	0.10	0.07	0.09	0.08	0.09
Has some schooling	0.61	0.56*	0.67	0.62*	0.64	0.62
Highest grade	3.48	3.27	3.94	3.75	3.79	3.73
Household characteristics
Household size	5.14	5.03	6.23	6.21	6.21	5.98
Number of individuals 0–5 years	0.81	0.78	0.98	0.90	0.98	0.91
Number of individuals 6–17 years	2.21	2.22	2.86	3.01	2.92	2.88
Number of individuals 18–59 years	1.30	1.20	1.66	1.57	1.57	1.46
Number of individuals 60 and above years	0.82	0.82	0.72	0.73	0.74	0.73
Cares for at least one orphan	0.16	0.16	0.21	0.22	0.20	0.20
Has a chronically ill member	0.37	0.37	0.38	0.37	0.39	0.37
Has a member with a disability	0.28	0.25	0.27	0.26	0.29	0.25*
Per capita expenditure	31.82	30.85	24.71	24.21	25.85	25.57
Share of budget spent on food	0.63	0.63	0.62	0.62	0.62	0.62
Owns or cultivated land in last year	0.92	0.94	0.94	0.96	0.93	0.96
Total land operated (in hectares)	6.12	5.90	6.47	6.92	6.52	5.80
Planted crops during last rainy season	0.87	0.90	0.92	0.94	0.91	0.93
Uses crop production inputs	0.23	0.23	0.25	0.25	0.26	0.25
Owns livestock	0.79	0.77	0.85	0.83	0.85	0.83
Operates non-farm business	0.13	0.11	0.16	0.12	0.16	0.12*
Someone was in wage employment at any time in last year	0.10	0.11	0.12	0.13	0.10	0.12
Receives cash/labor/in-kind aid	0.76	0.67**	0.72	0.67	0.72	0.66
Provides cash/labor/in-kind aid	0.23	0.24	0.23	0.26	0.24	0.26
Observations	1,034	2,029	615	1,214	582	1,265

Statistically significant weighted mean differences across groups based on Wald tests are represented by:

^***p<0.01

^**p<0.05

^*p<0.1.

The standard errors used for these tests are clustered at the ward-level.