Table 1:

Comparison of youth not surveyed and youth surveyed across survey waves

Variable	Baseline		12-month follow-up		48-month follow-up
	Youth Non-Respondents	Youth Respondents	Youth Non-Respondents	Youth Respondents	Youth Non-Respondents	Youth Respondents
Youth characteristics
Female	0.50	0.49	0.47	0.51*	0.45	0.47
Age	15.43	15.28*	16.31	16.30	16.98	16.52***
Married/cohabiting at baselineǂ	0.06	0.01***	0.04	0.03*	0.02	0.04
Attending school at baselineǂ	0.63	0.66	0.68	0.70	0.80	0.87***
Household head’s characteristics (baseline values)
Female	0.69	0.69	0.67	0.71	0.67	0.68
Age	56.54	50.94***	58.28	51.95**	54.76	53.43*
Widow	0.31	0.32	0.32	0.29	0.31	0.29
Divorced/separated	0.09	0.08	0.09	0.09	0.08	0.10
Has some schooling	0.63	0.61	0.59	0.65**	0.63	0.63
Highest grade	3.71	3.92	3.47	3.85**	3.75	3.74
Household characteristics (baseline values)
Household size	6.53	6.65	6.46	6.42	6.01	6.22*
Number of individuals 0–5 years	0.86	0.86	0.84	0.88	0.82	0.91**
Number of individuals 6–17 years	3.25	3.42*	3.21	3.23	2.92	3.06*
Number of individuals 18–59 years	1.64	1.64	1.60	1.55	1.48	1.53
Number of individuals 60 years and above	0.78	0.72	0.81	0.75	0.79	0.72**
Cares for at least one orphan	0.16	0.13*	0.17	0.15	0.10	0.11
Has a chronically ill member	0.04	0.04	0.03	0.03	0.00	0.07***
Has a member with a disability	0.03	0.02	0.04	0.02**	0.18	0.04
Per capita expenditure	22.70	23.61	23.07	24.08	24.28	23.89
Share of budget spent on food	0.61	0.60	0.60	0.60	0.61	0.61
Owns or cultivated land in last year	0.95	0.96	0.97	0.96	0.95	0.95
Total land operated (in hectares)	6.05	8.40	7.13	4.99**	6.10	6.60
Planted crops during last rainy season	0.93	0.93	0.95	0.94	0.93	0.92
Uses crop production inputs	0.27	0.28	0.26	0.29	0.30	0.25***
Owns livestock	0.84	0.85	0.86	0.83	0.84	0.84
Operates non-farm business	0.14	0.15	0.13	0.14	0.12	0.13
Someone was in wage employment at any time in last year	0.13	0.15*	0.12	0.14	0.11	0.11
Receives cash/labor/in-kind aid	0.65	0.64	0.65	0.67	0.64	0.66
Provides cash/labor/in-kind aid	0.24	0.25	0.24	0.23	0.23	0.25
Observations	1,908	917	1,512	807	1,133	2,319

Statistically significant mean differences across groups based on Wald tests are represented by:

^***p<0.01

^**p<0.05

^*p<0.1.

The standard errors used for these tests are clustered at the ward-level.

^ǂThese variables were measured at baseline only for those who were recorded as household members at the time. Baseline marital/cohabiting status is available for 75 percent of eligible youth across survey rounds (this information was collected only for those aged 12 years of older), and baseline school enrolment is available for 88 percent of eligible youth.