Table 2:

Comparison of surveyed youth in treatment and control across survey waves

	Baseline		12-month follow-up		48-month follow-up
	Control	Treatment	Control	Treatment	Control	Treatment
Youth characteristics
Female	0.48	0.52	0.60	0.62	0.49	0.47
Age	15.33	15.32	16.49	16.15*	17.14	16.74*
Married/cohabiting at baselineǂ	0.06	0.01	0.06	0.03	0.07	0.04
Attending school at baselineǂ	0.55	0.63*	0.66	0.69	0.79	0.85*
Household head’s characteristics (baseline values)
Female	0.62	0.67	0.66	0.68	0.66	0.69
Age	54.16	50.16*	49.98	51.52	53.33	52.55
Widow	0.33	0.30	0.29	0.28	0.29	0.28
Divorced/separated	0.05	0.10	0.07	0.09	0.08	0.11
Has some schooling	0.63	0.60	0.71	0.63	0.64	0.64
Highest grade	3.70	3.68	4.19	3.91	3.78	3.82
Household characteristics (baseline values)
Household size	7.61	7.09	6.84	6.55	6.66	6.47
Number of individuals 0–5 years	1.14	0.86*	1.09	0.82*	1.05	0.98
Number of individuals 6–17 years	3.83	3.67	3.44	3.44	3.20	3.24
Number of individuals 18–59 years	1.87	1.81	1.59	1.56	1.66	1.55
Number of individuals 60 and above years	0.77	0.74	0.71	0.72	0.74	0.69
Cares for at least one orphan	0.15	0.16	0.18	0.13	0.09	0.14**
Has a chronically ill member	0.03	0.03	0.04	0.02	0.04	0.06
Has a member with a disability	0.03	0.04	0.01	0.02	0.04	0.02
Per capita expenditure	23.73	22.11	27.21	25.94	25.11	24.23
Share of budget spent on food	0.60	0.60	0.62	0.61	0.61	0.62
Owns or cultivated land in last year	0.98	0.98	0.93	0.97	0.93	0.96*
Total land operated (in hectares)	10.61	5.87	5.83	4.80	6.72	5.60
Planted crops during last rainy season	0.96	0.94	0.90	0.95	0.91	0.92
Uses crop production inputs	0.31	0.27	0.28	0.29	0.24	0.23
Owns livestock	0.88	0.87	0.78	0.85	0.87	0.84
Operates non-farm business	0.22	0.13*	0.19	0.09**	0.15	0.10
Someone was in wage employment at any time in last year	0.16	0.15	0.16	0.14	0.12	0.11
Receives cash/labor/in-kind aid	0.72	0.64	0.75	0.66	0.73	0.66
Provides cash/labor/in-kind aid	0.23	0.30	0.23	0.27	0.25	0.25
Observations	273	644	253	554	722	1,597

Statistically significant weighted mean differences across groups based on Wald tests are represented by:

^***p<0.01

^**p<0.05

^*p<0.1.

The standard errors used for these tests are clustered at the ward-level.

^ǂThese variables were measured at baseline only for those who were recorded as household members at the time. Baseline marital/cohabiting status is available for 64 percent of youth respondents across waves (this information was collected only for those aged 12 years of older), and baseline school enrolment is available for 84 percent of youth respondents.