Table 3:

Treatment-Control balance on youth violence measures, and community culture and norms at baseline

Panel A: Youth violence
Variable	All youth	Control group	Treatment group
Physical violence	0.48	0.44	0.49
Severe physical violence	0.24	0.23	0.25
Slapped/pushed	0.40	0.37	0.41
Hit with fist/kicked/beaten with object	0.22	0.21	0.23
Attacked or threatened with knife/other weapon	0.04	0.03	0.05
Perpetrator - Slapped/pushed
Relative	0.29	0.31	0.29
Partner	0.05	0.09	0.04
Authority figure	0.24	0.25	0.24
Peer	0.36	0.31	0.38
Other	0.05	0.04	0.05
Perpetrator - Hit with fist/kicked/beaten with object
Relative	0.32	0.25	0.35
Partner	0.06	0.13	0.04
Authority figure	0.23	0.32	0.19*
Peer	0.33	0.26	0.36
Other	0.06	0.05	0.06
Perpetrator - Attacked or threatened with knife/other weapon
Relative	0.44	0.45	0.43
Partner	0.04	0.00	0.06
Authority figure	0.05	0.00	0.06
Peer	0.33	0.25	0.36
Other	0.14	0.30	0.10
Observations	917	273	644
Panel B: Community culture and norms
Variable	All wards	Control wards	Treatment wards
Percentage of households practicing different religions
Traditional	26.37	23.65	27.68
Christianity	65.03	66.46	64.34
Islam	0.62	0.00	0.93
Combination of traditional and other	7.66	6.04	8.44
Percentage of households that are polygamous‡	26.13	19.30	29.25
Possible for wives to inherit property from husbands	0.99	0.96	1.00
Possible for widows to be inherited by brother/other male relative of the deceased	0.26	0.15	0.31
More than half of secondary school aged children are enrolled in school
Boys	0.63	0.60	0.64
Girls	0.60	0.60	0.59
Orphans	0.47	0.44	0.49
Alcohol is available within the communityƚ	0.81	0.79	0.82
More than half the men drink alcohol regularlyƚ	0.28	0.34	0.25
More than half the women drink alcohol regularlyƚ	0.01	0.00	0.02
Drinking is a problem in the communityƚ	2.12	1.97	2.20
Observations	80	26	54

Statistically significant mean differences across groups based on Wald tests are represented by:

^***p<0.01

^**p<0.05

^*p<0.1.

Youth-level statistics are calculated using weights. Standard errors used for these tests are clustered at the ward-level.

^‡Information is available only for 21 control wards and 46 treatment wards.

^ƚCollected during the 12-month follow-up survey only.