Table A2:
Definition of outcomes
| Variable | Definition |
|---|---|
| Main outcomes | |
| Physical violence | =1 if youth experienced any type of physical violence (being slapped/pushed, hit with a fist/kicked/beaten with an object or attacked/threatened with a knife/other weapon) in the previous 12 months, =0 otherwise |
| Severe physical violence | =1 if youth experienced any severe physical violence (hit with a fist/kicked/beaten with an object or attacked/threatened with a knife/other weapon) in the previous 12 months, =0 otherwise |
| Slapped/pushed | =1 if youth was slapped or pushed in the previous 12 months, =0 otherwise |
| Hit with a fist/kicked/beaten with object | =1 if youth was hit with a fist, kicked or beaten with an object in the previous 12 months, =0 otherwise |
| Attacked/threatened with knife/other weapon | =1 if youth was attacked or threatened with a knife or other weapon in the previous 12 months, =0 otherwise |
| Perpetrator the last time youth was slapped/pushed | =1 if parent or adult relative, =2 if a boyfriend or girlfriend or intimate partner, =3 if an authority figure (teacher, religious or community leader), =4 if a peer or classmate, =5 if another individual (for example, a stranger) |
| Perpetrator the last time youth was hit with a fist/kicked/beaten with object | =1 if parent or adult relative, =2 if a boyfriend or girlfriend or intimate partner, =3 if an authority figure (teacher, religious or community leader), =4 if a peer or classmate, =5 if another individual (for example, a stranger) |
| Perpetrator the last time youth was attacked/threatened with knife/other weapon | =1 if parent or adult relative, =2 if a boyfriend or girlfriend or intimate partner, =3 if an authority figure (teacher, religious or community leader), =4 if a peer or classmate, =5 if another individual (for example, a stranger) |
| Supplementary outcomes | |
| Youth is worried about relationship with people at home | =1 if youth reports being worried about her relationship with people in her home, =0 if she is not worried at all |
| Youth is worried about relationship with people outside home | =1 if youth reports being worried about her relationship with people she does not live with (such as friends and neighbors), =0 if she is not worried at all |
| Youth has seen parent being subjected to intimate partner violence at any point in time | =1 if youth has ever seen or heard a parent being punched, kicked or beaten up by the other parent, or their boyfriend or girlfriend, =0 otherwise |
| Adult humiliated youth in front of others in last 12 months | =1 if an adult said or did something on purpose to humiliate youth in front of others in the last 12 months, =0 otherwise |
| Adult made youth feel unwanted in last 12 months | =1 if an adult made youth feel unwanted in the last 12 months, =0 otherwise |
| Adult threatened to abandon/told youth to leave home in last 12 months | =1 if an adult threatened to abandon youth or told her to leave home in the last 12 months, =0 otherwise |
| Household-level mediators | |
| Monthly household expenditure per capita - all items | Value of household total expenditure per capita (from purchases) in the four weeks before the survey (in 2017 dollars) |
| Monthly household expenditure per capita - food items | Value of household food expenditure per capita (from purchases) in the four weeks before the survey (in 2017 dollars) |
| Caregiver-level mediators | |
| Consumed three or more meals in a day | =1 if main respondent reports regularly consuming three or more meals in a day, =0 otherwise |
| Household Food Insecurity Access Scale | This scale was developed by the Food and Nutritional Technical Assistance project (FANTA) of the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) (Coates et al., 2007). Main respondents are asked whether their households had to do any of the following in the four weeks before the survey due to a lack of resources: worry that their household would not have enough food, not eat preferred foods, consume a limited variety of foods, eat foods they did not want to eat, consume smaller meals than needed, eat fewer meals, have no food to eat, go to sleep at night hungry, and go a whole day and night without eating. Respondents answer to each question with ‘No’ (a score of zero), ‘Rarely’ (one), ‘Sometimes’ (two), or ‘Often’ (three). The responses to the nine items are summed and the final score ranges from zero (complete food security) to 27 (extreme food insecurity). |
| Subjective Well-being Scale | This scale is based on responses to seven questions and captures overall life satisfaction (the measure we use is similar to the Satisfaction with Life Scale developed by Diener et al., 1985). Main respondents were presented with the following statements during the interview - ‘In most ways my life is close to ideal’, ‘The conditions of my life are excellent’, ‘I am satisfied with my life’, ‘So far I have gotten the important things I want in life’, ‘If I could live my life over, I would change almost nothing’. ‘I feel positive about my future’, and ‘I generally feel happy’. Answer options are on a five-point Likert scale, ranging from strongly disagree (a score of one) to strongly agree (five). The final score lies between seven and 35, with higher values representing more subjective well-being. |
| Household is better off compared to last year | =1 if main respondent considers her household to be doing better off than 12 months ago, =0 otherwise |
| Belief that household will be better off in one year | =1 if main respondent thinks that life will be better one year from now, =0 otherwise |
| Other caregiver/household-level mediators | |
| Caregiver is married or co-habiting | =1 if main respondent at baseline is currently married or co-habiting =0 otherwise |
| Household size | Number of household members |
| Number of female adults (>=25) | Number of female household members aged 25 years or older |
| Number of male adults (>=25) | Number of male household members aged 25 years or older |
| Youth-level mediators | |
| Currently enrolled in an educational institute | =1 if youth is currently attending an educational institution, =0 otherwise |
| Number of days attended school in the week before the interview | Number of days the youth attended school in the week before the survey |
| Did any work as a casual/part-time/maricho laborer in the last 12 months | =1 if youth did this kind of work for anyone who is not a member of the household in the past 12 months, =0 otherwise |
| Currently married/co-habiting/has a partner | =1 if youth is currently married, co-habiting or has a boyfriend/girlfriend, =0 otherwise |