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. 2021 Feb 24;7(9):eabf2474. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abf2474

Fig. 4. The evolution of anthropoid hand shape according to SURFACE.

Fig. 4

(A) Phylogenetic tree with branches painted according to selective regime. (B) Species means for PC1 and PC2 (small circles) and estimated phenotypic optima (large circles). (C) Species means for PC1 and PC3 (small circles) and estimated phenotypic optima (large circles). Ar. ramidus was placed in the same selective regime as P. troglodytes and P. paniscus. In contrast, all later hominins were placed in a selective regime with modern humans, which results in an evolutionary shift in hominin hand morphology from a Pan-like ancestor between ca. 4.4 and 3.2 Ma ago.