Table 2. Age- and area-adjusted and multivariate odds ratios for self-reported fair or poor health in men.
| Variable | Fair or poor (%) |
Age- and area-adjusted* | Multivariate† | ||
| Odds ratio (95% confidence interval) |
p for trend | Odds ratio (95% confidence interval) |
p for trend | ||
| Age (year) | |||||
| 47-49 | 133 (41.7) | 1.00 reference | 0.03 | 1.00 reference | 0.48 |
| 50-59 | 704 (43.1) | 1.05 (0.82-1.35) | 1.07 (0.74-1.37) | ||
| 60-69 | 645 (42.9) | 1.02 (0.79-1.31) | 0.85 (0.61-1.19 | ||
| 70-77 | 518 (51.4) | 1.41 (1.08-1.83) | 0.91 (0.62-1.32) | ||
| Area | |||||
| Urban | 1213 (47.3) | 1.00 reference | 1.00 reference | ||
| Rural | 787 (41.5) | 0.80 (0.71-0.91) | 0.77 (0.64-0.92) | ||
| Education | |||||
| More than high school | 394 (46.1) | 1.00 reference | 1.00 reference | ||
| High school or less | 1541 (44.5) | 0.97 (0.83-1.13) | 0.94 (0.77-1.15) | ||
| Occupation | |||||
| Employment | 1256 (40.4) | 1.00 reference | 1.00 reference | ||
| Unemployment | 701 (54.9) | 1.84 (1.58-2.15) | 1.76 (1.42-2.19) | ||
| Household income (million yen/year) | |||||
| less than 3.00 | 385 (51.9) | 1.74 (1.40-2.16) | 1.53 (1.13-2.07) | ||
| 3.00 to 4.99 | 419 (47.0) | 1.41 (1.15-1.73) | 1.23 (0.94-1.60) | ||
| 5.00 to 6.99 | 307 (45.4) | 1.36 (1.10-1.69) | 1.33 (1.02-1.73) | ||
| 7.00 to 9.99 | 302 (42.8) | 1.21 (0.97-1.49) | 1.13 (0.88-1.47) | ||
| 10.00+ | 277 (38.5) | 1.00 reference | <0.0001 | reference | 0.07 |
| Marital status | |||||
| Married | 1683 (44.2) | 1.00 reference | 1.00 reference | ||
| Separated | 10 (45.5) | 1.06 (0.46-2.48) | 0.95 (0.31-2.93) | ||
| Divorced | 59 (55.1) | 1.61 (1.09-2.38) | 0.91 (0.51-1.63) | ||
| Widowed | 81 (42.0) | 0.82 (0.61-1.11) | 0.83 (0.54-1.29) | ||
| Single | 119 (51.3) | 1.44 (1.10-1.89) | 1.02 (0.67-1.56) | ||
| Household size | |||||
| per each additional person | 1929 (44.8) | 0.95 (0.91-0.99) | 1.03 (0.97-1.09) | ||
| Physical activity | |||||
| Often | 234 (34.6) | 1.00 reference | <0.0001 | 1.00 reference | <0.0001 |
| Sometimes | 493 (44.1) | 1.56 (1.28-1.91) | 1.67 (1.29-2.14) | ||
| Never | 1114 (49.2) | 1.94 (1.62-2.33) | 1.85 (1.46-2.33) | ||
| Sleeping | |||||
| 7 or 8 hrs | 1407 (42.7) | 1.00 reference | 1.00 reference | ||
| less than 6 or 9+ hrs | 573 (50.8) | 1.38 (1.20-1.58) | 1.36 (1.13-1.64) | ||
| Alcohol habit | |||||
| Abstain | 575 (51.7) | 1.00 reference | <0.0001 | 1.00 reference | 0.006 |
| Moderate (1-45 drinks per month) | 559 (46.9) | 0.84 (0.71-0.99) | 0.91 (0.74-1.12) | ||
| Heavy (over 45 drinks per month) | 484 (39.1) | 0.63 (0.53-0.74) | 0.72 (0.59-0.89) | ||
| Smoking habit | |||||
| Current | 909 (44.1) | 1.10 (0.93-1.31) | 0.94 0.75-1.18) | ||
| Former | 712 (47.0) | 1.18 (0.99-1.41) | 1.08 0.85-1.36) | ||
| Never | 325 (41.7) | 1.00 reference | 0.18 | 1.00 reference | 0.36 |
| Check-up | |||||
| Within the last year | 1693 (45.1) | 1.00 reference | 1.00 reference | ||
| Not with the last year | 257 (44.4) | 0.96 (0.81-1.15) | 0.93 (0.73-1.20) | ||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | |||||
| less than 18.5 | 120 (60.0) | 1.84 (1.37-2.48) | 1.77 (1.18-2.65) | ||
| 18.5-24.9 | 1338 (43.0) | 1.00 reference | 1.00 reference | ||
| 25.0+ | 478 (47.0) | 1.19 (1.04-1.38) | 1.18 (0.97-1.43) | ||
| Social isolation | |||||
| No isolation | 1479 (43.1) | 1.00 reference | 1.00 reference | ||
| Isolation | 400 (52.5) | 1.46 (1.24-1.71) | 1.12 (0.90-1.40) | ||
| Someone to confide in or talk to about yourself or your problems | |||||
| All of the time | 901 (42.5) | 1.00 reference | 0.001 | 1.00 reference | 0.61 |
| Most of the time & some of the time | 679 (46.0) | 1.77 (1.03-1.35) | 1.11 (0.91-1.35) | ||
| A little of the time & none of the time | 342 (50.4) | 1.38 (1.16-1.64) | 1.05 (0.80-1.37) | ||
| Someone to take you to the doctor | |||||
| All of the time | 1266 (42.7) | 1.00 reference | <0.0001 | 1.00 reference | 0.36 |
| Most of the time & some of the time | 523 (48.7) | 1.29 (1.12-1.48) | 1.13 (0.90-1.44) | ||
| A little of the time & none of the time | 162 (55.5) | 1.67 (1.31-2.14) | 1.29 (0.85-1.94) | ||
| Someone to prepare meals for you | |||||
| All of the time | 1383 (43.6) | 1.00 reference | 0.0001 | 1.00 reference | 0.27 |
| Most of the time & some of the time | 401 (46.6) | 1.16 (0.99-1.35) | 1.12 (0.88-1.43) | ||
| A little of the time & none of the time | 158 (56.0) | 1.65 (1.29-2.11) | 1.38 (0.91-2.10) | ||
* : Adjusted for age (47-49, 50-59, 60-69, 70-77) and area (urban and rural)
† : Adjusted for age, area, education, occupation, marital status, household, household income, physical activity, sleeping, alcohol habit, smoking habit, check-up, BMI, social isolation and social support factors.