Table 2.

The association between social participation, social network size and quality of life/depression symptoms at 2-year follow-up among older adults in Europe estimated by multivariable linear regression

	Quality of life
	Unadjusteda
	Coefficient	95% CI	p value
Social participation	1.01	0.96, 1.05	< 0.001
Social network size	0.31	0.27, 0.35	< 0.001

	Unadjusted incl. interaction termb
	Coefficient	95% CI	p value
Social participation	1.17	1.09, 1.25	< 0.001
Social network size	0.41	0.35, 0.46	< 0.001
Interaction term	− 0.06	− 0.09, − 0.04	<0.001

	Adjustedc
	Coefficient	95% CI	p value
Social participation	0.27	0.12, 0.43	0.001
Social network size	0.16	0.05, 0.26	0.005
Interaction term	− 0.05	− 0.09, − 0.0009	0.046

	Depression symptoms
	Unadjustedd
	Coefficient	95% CI	p value
Social participation	− 0.21	− 0.23, − 0.20	< 0.001
Social network size	− 0.03	− 0.04, − 0.01	0.001

	Unadjusted incl. interaction terme
	Coefficient	95% CI	p value
Social participation	− 0.25	− 0.28, − 0.22	< 0.001
Social network size	− 0.05	− 0.07, − 0.03	< 0.001
Interaction term	0.01	0.005, 0.02	0.003

	Adjustedf
	Coefficient	95% CI	p value
Social participation	− 0.08	− 0.14, − 0.03	0.003
Social network size	− 0.05	− 0.08, −0.006	0.024
Interaction term	0.02	0.007, 0.04	0.006

^aAdjusted R² = 0.07

^bAdjusted R² = 0.07

^cThe model (adjusted R² = 0.48) adjusted for age, gender, marital status, education, income, occupational status, activity limitations, chronic conditions, and the quality of life at T1. Quality of life was based on the 12-item Control, Autonomy, Self-realization, Pleasure scale (CASP-12), range 12–48

^dAdjusted R² = 0.02

^eAdjusted R² = 0.02

^fThe model (adjusted R² = 0.33) adjusted for age, gender, marital status, education, income, occupational status, activity limitations, chronic conditions, and the depression symptoms at T1. Depression symptoms were based on the 10-item EURO-D scale, range 0–12