Table 3.
Association between gait speed (per standard deviation) and domain-specific cognition by race/ethnicity, KHANDLE
| Models | Overall | Race Interaction P-value | Asian | Black | Latino | White | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 1369 | n = 323 | n = 365 | n = 247 | n = 434 | |||||||
| Gait Speed β (95% CI) | Gait Speed2 β (95% CI) | Gait Speed β (95% CI) | Gait Speed2 β (95% CI) | Gait Speed β (95% CI) | Gait Speed2 β (95% CI) | Gait Speed β (95% CI) | Gait Speed2 β (95% CI) | Gait Speed β (95% CI) | Gait Speed2 β (95% CI) | ||
| Executive Function | |||||||||||
| 1 | 0.31 | −0.02 | 0.10 | 0.35 | −0.02 | 0.27 | −0.02 | 0.35 | −0.04 | 0.45 | −0.08 |
| (0.23, 0.38) | (−0.03, −0.01) | (0.20, 0.49) | (−0.03, −0.01) | (0.14, 0.39) | (−0.03, −0.01) | (0.13, 0.57) | (−0.10, 0.02) | (0.26, 0.65) | (−0.15, −0.02) | ||
| 2 | 0.27 | −0.02 | 0.02 | 0.40 | −0.02 | 0.20 | −0.02 | 0.26 | −0.02 | 0.37 | −0.06 |
| (0.19, 0.34) | (−0.02, −0.01) | (0.25, 0.55) | (−0.03, −0.01) | (0.07, 0.33) | (−0.03, −0.01) | (0.04, 0.49) | (−0.08, 0.04) | (0.17, 0.56) | (−0.13, 0.00) | ||
| 3 | 0.28 | −0.02 | 0.02 | 0.38 | −0.02 | 0.22 | −0.02 | 0.30 | −0.02 | 0.37 | −0.06 |
| (0.20, 0.37) | (−0.02, −0.01) | (0.22, 0.54) | (−0.03, −0.01) | (0.09, 0.36) | (−0.03, −0.01) | (0.07, 0.52) | (−0.08, 0.03) | (0.16, 0.57) | (−0.13, 0.02) | ||
| Semantic Memory | |||||||||||
| 1 | 0.24 | −0.01 | 0.81 | 0.26 | −0.01 | 0.22 | −0.01 | 0.37 | −0.04 | 0.25 | −0.03 |
| (0.17, 0.31) | (−0.02, −0.01) | (0.08, 0.44) | (−0.03, 0.00) | (0.10, 0.35) | (−0.03, −0.00) | (0.16, 0.57) | (−0.09, 0.02) | (0.11, 0.39) | (−0.08, 0.01) | ||
| 2 | 0.23 | −0.01 | 0.21 | 0.34 | −0.02 | 0.20 | −0.01 | 0.35 | −0.04 | 0.20 | −0.02 |
| (0.16, 0.30) | (−0.02, −0.01) | (0.15, 0.53) | (−0.03, −0.00) | (0.07, 0.33) | (−0.02, −0.00) | (0.14, 0.55) | (−0.09, 0.02) | (0.06, 0.34) | (−0.07, 0.02) | ||
| 3 | 0.25 | −0.01 | 0.25 | 0.36 | −0.02 | 0.20 | −0.01 | 0.29 | −0.03 | 0.21 | −0.00 |
| (0.17, 0.33) | (−0.02, −0.01) | (0.16, 0.57) | (−0.03, −0.00) | (0.06, 0.34) | (−0.02, −0.00) | (0.08, 0.50) | (−0.08, 0.02) | (0.07, 0.36) | (−0.06, 0.05) | ||
| Verbal Episodic Memory | |||||||||||
| 1 | 0.21 | −0.01 | 0.56 | 0.20 | −0.01 | 0.17 | −0.01 | 0.20 | −0.01 | 0.40 | −0.08 |
| (0.14, 0.29) | (−0.02, −0.01) | (0.04, 0.36) | (−0.02, 0.00) | (0.04, 0.31) | (−0.02, 0.00) | (−0.04, 0.43) | (−0.07, 0.06) | (0.22, 0.58) | (−0.14, −0.02) | ||
| 2 | 0.19 | −0.01 | 0.40 | 0.24 | −0.01 | 0.13 | −0.01 | 0.14 | 0.01 | 0.32 | −0.06 |
| (0.11, 0.27) | (−0.02, −0.00) | (0.06, 0.42) | (−0.03, −0.00) | (−0.01, 0.28) | (−0.02, 0.01) | (−0.10 0.38) | (−0.06, 0.07) | (0.14, 0.51) | (−0.12, 0.00) | ||
| 3 | 0.19 | −0.01 | 0.23 | 0.30 | −0.02 | 0.11 | −0.00 | 0.08 | 0.02 | 0.27 | −0.02 |
| (0.10, 0.27) | (−0.02, −0.00) | (0.11, 0.50) | (−0.03, −0.00) | (−0.05, 0.26) | (−0.02, 0.01) | (−0.17, 0.33) | (−0.05, 0.08) | (0.07, 0.46) | (−0.09, 0.05) | ||
SD gait speed women = 0.7 s/m; SD gait speed men = 0.5 s/m
†
Gait speed was mean-centered
Bolded results indicate statistical significance (p<0.05)
Model 1 adjusted for age, gender, and race (in Overall and Interaction models)
Model 2 adjusted for Model 1 + education and income
Model 3 adjusted for Model 2 + waist circumference (cm), physical activity, alcohol consumption, and ever smoking