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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Mitochondrion. 2021 Jan 21;57:192–204. doi: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.01.003

Figure 2. Improved sensorimotor behaviors after Ru360 treatment.

Figure 2.

A) During ipsilateral-related whisker stimulation, untreated TBI (blue; n=3) and vehicle-treated TBI animals (pink; n=3) had highest WSIMR reductions with no significant difference between them. Ru360 treatment significantly improved WSIMR (green; n=6), which was comparable to the sham levels (dashed line); data from our previous study under similar conditions (Chitturi, Li et al. 2018). Significantly different ***p<0.0001; df=1; F=511.53 two-way ANOVA with repeated measures. B) During contralateral-related whisker stimulation, lesser WSIMR decrease was observed in the untreated TBI and vehicle treated TBI. A significant WSIMR improvement occurred in the TBI+Ru360 group, which was comparable to sham levels (dashed line). Significantly different ***p<0.0001; df=1; F=18.94 two-way ANOVA with repeated measures. C) Similar to shams (grey line), Ru360 treated TBI animals (green; n=6) spontaneously used both forelimbs more frequently (80%). This was significantly higher compared to untreated TBI (46%) (blue; n=3) or vehicle treated TBI (34%) (pink; n=3). Significantly different ***p<0.0001; df=1; F=83.09 two-way ANOVA with repeated measures. D) Untreated and vehicle treated TBI animals used only the contralateral-related forelimb 40% of the time with no significant difference between them. However, Ru360 treatment, reduced its usage to 10%, which was comparable to the sham level (grey line) and consistent with its effect of improving simultaneous usage of both forelimbs. Significantly different ***p<0.0001; df=1; F=44.17 two-way ANOVA with repeated measures. E) Compared to sham levels of 5% usage of the ipsilateral-related forelimbs (grey line), a 20% usage was observed in the untreated and vehicle treated TBI groups with no significant difference between them. TBI+Ru360 treatment showed no significant difference compared to the untreated or vehicle-treated TBI in the ipsilateral-related forelimb use, but was significantly higher than the sham level (grey line). Data represent mean±SD. A subject-wise representation of this data across animals is provided in the supplementary Figure S3.