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. 2021 Feb 24;12:1264. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-21541-5

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a In the reference panel, CookHLA encodes HLA alleles as binary markers. b CookHLA repeats imputation while embedding a binary marker set into the middle position of each polymorphic exon. After the repeated imputations, CookHLA performs consensus calls by merging posterior probabilities. c CookHLA adaptively learns the data-specific genetic map within the MHC from the data.