Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2021 Feb 24;11:137. doi: 10.1038/s41398-021-01252-7

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 3 — Susceptible and resilient animals received one injection of RS-102221 or control vehicle 15 min before the third trauma reminder. Freezing behavior was assessed following the third reminder and fourth reminder in (A) exploration, (B) social interaction, and (C) hyperarousal tests. Bars represent freezing levels after the third and the fourth reminders showing a significant attenuation in freezing behavior of susceptible-RS-treated animals vs. susceptible- control-treated and all of the resilient groups (exploration: third reminder: **p < 0.01 for susceptible-control-treated vs. susceptible-RS-treated and resilient-control-treated animals, *p < 0.05 susceptible-control-treated vs. resilient-RS-treated animals and *p < 0.05 for susceptible-RA-treated vs. resilient-SAM and resilient- RA- treated groups. Fourth reminder: *p < 0.05 for susceptible-RA-treated vs. all other experimental animals; social interaction: third reminder: **p < 0.001 for susceptible-control-treated vs. susceptible-RS and resilient-RS groups and ^#p < 0.05 for susceptible-control-treated vs. resilient-RS treated group. Fourth reminder: **p < 0.01 for susceptible-control-treated vs. all resilient groups and ^#p < 0.05 for susceptible-RA-treated vs. susceptible-control-treated animals; hyperarousal: third reminder: ***p < 0.001 for susceptible-control-treated vs. susceptible-RS-treated and resilient-control-treated groups, ^##p < 0.01 susceptible-control-treated vs. resilient-RS-treated animals. Fourth reminder: **p < 0.01 for susceptible-control-treated vs. all other experimental animals. Data presented as mean ± SEM; n = 4-5 per group. (D–F) Fold change of freezing behavior in the susceptible-treated-groups in the third and fourth reminders compared to the freezing levels in the second reminder in (D) exploration, (E) social interaction, and (F) hyperarousal behavioral test. (G–I) Pearson’s product-moment correlation between the third and the fourth reminders in the following tests: (G) exploration (H) social interaction and (I) hyperarousal (r > 0.45;*p < 0.05). (J) Left: Image showing PI staining within the CeA. The overlay of the amygdala sub-nuclei demonstrates that the cannula placement is specific to the CeA. The arrow points to the tip of the injection needle. Right: Corresponding section from rat stereotaxic atlas (Paxinos and Watson). (K–M) Susceptible animals received one systemic injection of RS-102221 or control vehicle 30 min before the third trauma reminder. Freezing behavior was assessed following the third reminder in (K) exploration (***p < 0.001) (L) social interaction (**p < 0.01) (M) hyperarousal (*p < 0.05) tests comparing susceptible group treated with RS-102221 to susceptible group treated with vehicle control. Data presented as mean + SEM; n = 4-5 per group.