Table 1.
Global, regional, and country-level estimates of investible carbon and return-on-investment (based on net present value).
| Region | Country | Investible carbon (tCO2 yr−1) | Net present value (USD y−1) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Global (Pantropic) | 1,783,585,000 ± 1,086,018,000 | 46,032,396,000 ± 29,096,730,000 | |
| Americas | 809,093,000 ± 487,743,000 | 19,057,800,000 ± 12,002,354,000 | |
| Brazil | 426,173,000 ± 256,966,000 | 11,207,547,000 ± 7,015,052,000 | |
| Bolivia | 95,975,000 ± 60,827,000 | 2,487,060,000 ± 1,662,773,000 | |
| Peru | 51,487,000 ± 36,756,000 | 1,200,075,000 ± 888,182,000 | |
| Mexico | 50,817,000 ± 29,152,000 | 616,169,000 ± 386,136,000 | |
| Colombia | 40,162,000 ± 21,079,000 | 692,353,000 ± 379,808,000 | |
| Venezuela | 35,649,000 ± 20,640,000 | 805,333,000 ± 485,447,000 | |
| Paraguay | 25,039,000 ± 19,983,000 | 860,262,000 ± 706,664,000 | |
| Guyana | 18,078,000 ± 6,309,000 | 143,976,000 ± 57,235,000 | |
| Ecuador | 12,843,000 ± 6,671,000 | 305,660,000 ± 166,689,000 | |
| Suriname | 12,206,000 ± 3,947,000 | 102,757,000 ± 37,687,000 | |
| Cuba | 5,773,000 ± 4,017,000 | 77,950,000 ± 59,825,000 | |
| Guatemala | 5,643,000 ± 4,843,000 | 190,663,000 ± 168,034,000 | |
| Argentina | 5,453,000 ± 3,363,000 | 96,907,000 ± 64,996,000 | |
| French Guiana | 4,414,000 ± 1,314,000 | 18,503,000 ± 6,300,000 | |
| Nicaragua | 4,356,000 ± 2,613,000 | 41,472,000 ± 27,713,000 | |
| Honduras | 3,758,000 ± 2,300,000 | 44,258,000 ± 29,349,000 | |
| Panama | 2,908,000 ± 1,790,000 | 21,525,000 ± 14,861,000 | |
| Belize | 2,429,000 ± 1,371,000 | 50,709,000 ± 30,777,000 | |
| Dominican Republic | 2,224,000 ± 1,475,000 | 50,888,000 ± 35,840,000 | |
| Costa Rica | 1,512,000 ± 868,000 | 5,869,000 ± 3,824,000 | |
| El Salvador | 721,000 ± 484,000 | 11,890,000 ± 8,471,000 | |
| Jamaica | 458,000 ± 268,000 | 6,493,000 ± 4,182,000 | |
| Trinidad and Tobago | 299,000 ± 181,000 | 3,764,000 ± 2,521,000 | |
| Haiti | 268,000 ± 205,000 | 3,915,000 ± 3,214,000 | |
| Bahamas | 235,000 ± 175,000 | 8,516,000 ± 6,551,000 | |
| Guadeloupe | 45,000 ± 30,000 | 538,000 ± 388,000 | |
| Puerto Rico | 35,000 ± 22,000 | 875,000 ± 579,000 | |
| Cayman Islands | 24,000 ± 15,000 | 177,000 ± 132,000 | |
| Turks and Caicos Islands | 24,000 ± 19,000 | 533,000 ± 452,000 | |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 23,000 ± 19,000 | 627,000 ± 522,000 | |
| Saint Lucia | 21,000 ± 13,000 | 222,000 ± 147,000 | |
| Martinique | 13,000 ± 8,000 | 147,000 ± 97,000 | |
| Grenada | 9,000 ± 5,000 | 11,000 ± 8,000 | |
| Saint Kitts and Nevis | 6,000 ± 4,000 | 64,000 ± 46,000 | |
| Curaçao | 4,000 ± 3,000 | 8,000 ± 9,000 | |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 3,000 ± 2,000 | 5,000 ± 3,000 | |
| Montserrat | 3,000 ± 2,000 | 26,000 ± 20,000 | |
| Virgin Islands, U.S. | 2,000 ± 1,000 | 37,000 ± 27,000 | |
| Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba | 1,000 ± 1,000 | 6,000 ± 6,000 | |
| Virgin Islands, British | 1,000 ± 0 | 5,000 ± 4,000 | |
| Africa | 392,659,000 ± 286,485,000 | 2,355,924,000 ± 1,859,685,000 | |
| DR Congo | 85,258,000 ± 45,293,000 | 295,462,000 ± 179,865,000 | |
| Angola | 51,008,000 ± 42,975,000 | 331,371,000 ± 302,712,000 | |
| Tanzania | 33,717,000 ± 29,792,000 | 235,594,000 ± 226,691,000 | |
| Zambia | 29,791,000 ± 25,982,000 | 169,617,000 ± 163,821,000 | |
| Central African Republic | 28,178,000 ± 21,167,000 | 41,380,000 ± 35,094,000 | |
| Mozambique | 27,671,000 ± 24,103,000 | 179,078,000 ± 169,465,000 | |
| Congo | 22,461,000 ± 11,264,000 | 198,163,000 ± 109,618,000 | |
| Cameroon | 20,546,000 ± 12,299,000 | 277,689,000 ± 172,424,000 | |
| Gabon | 18,982,000 ± 6,678,000 | 198,918,000 ± 75,359,000 | |
| South Sudan | 11,576,000 ± 11,390,000 | 8,147,000 ± 8,056,000 | |
| Ethiopia | 10,328,000 ± 9,863,000 | 80,770,000 ± 80,214,000 | |
| Nigeria | 8,291,000 ± 7,758,000 | 46,809,000 ± 47,219,000 | |
| Madagascar | 6,352,000 ± 5,271,000 | 30,719,000 ± 27,526,000 | |
| Guinea | 4,465,000 ± 3,965,000 | 21,594,000 ± 20,546,000 | |
| Côte d’Ivoire | 4,244,000 ± 3,385,000 | 21,897,000 ± 18,579,000 | |
| Liberia | 4,150,000 ± 4,143,000 | 2,479,000 ± 2,793,000 | |
| Zimbabwe | 3,942,000 ± 3,366,000 | 31,271,000 ± 27,839,000 | |
| Ghana | 3,442,000 ± 1,384,000 | 77,671,000 ± 32,957,000 | |
| Kenya | 2,361,000 ± 2,333,000 | 25,290,000 ± 26,105,000 | |
| Equatorial Guinea | 1,935,000 ± 1,947,000 | 3,818,000 ± 4,222,000 | |
| Senegal | 1,711,000 ± 1,505,000 | 3,052,000 ± 2,894,000 | |
| Uganda | 1,711,000 ± 1,737,000 | 6,234,000 ± 7,022,000 | |
| Malawi | 1,685,000 ± 535,000 | 36,083,000 ± 12,147,000 | |
| Chad | 1,552,000 ± 1,430,000 | 8,496,000 ± 8,446,000 | |
| Benin | 1,482,000 ± 1,473,000 | 3,887,000 ± 4,376,000 | |
| Mali | 960,000 ± 977,000 | 539,000 ± 724,000 | |
| Guinea-Bissau | 914,000 ± 926,000 | 69,000 ± 82,000 | |
| Togo | 901,000 ± 802,000 | 3,895,000 ± 3,853,000 | |
| Sudan | 816,000 ± 787,000 | 598,000 ± 665,000 | |
| Sierra Leone | 663,000 ± 430,000 | 9,949,000 ± 6,751,000 | |
| Botswana | 356,000 ± 360,000 | 1,827,000 ± 1,830,000 | |
| South Africa | 253,000 ± 245,000 | 1,211,000 ± 1,266,000 | |
| Namibia | 225,000 ± 225,000 | 108,000 ± 130,000 | |
| Somalia | 211,000 ± 216,000 | 22,000 ± 29,000 | |
| Burkina Faso | 201,000 ± 205,000 | 51,000 ± 60,000 | |
| Burundi | 135,000 ± 120,000 | 282,000 ± 261,000 | |
| Gambia | 86,000 ± 85,000 | 873,000 ± 900,000 | |
| Rwanda | 52,000 ± 45,000 | 278,000 ± 241,000 | |
| Sao Tome and Principe | 36,000 ± 17,000 | 723,000 ± 369,000 | |
| Comoros | 6,000 ± 4,000 | 2,000 ± 2,000 | |
| Mayotte | 6,000 ± 3,000 | 13,000 ± 9,000 | |
| Asia-Pacific | 581,832,000 ± 311,790,000 | 24,618,672,000 ± 13,578,652,000 | |
| Indonesia | 230,478,000 ± 99,746,000 | 10,126,046,000 ± 4,508,720,000 | |
| Malaysia | 53,632,000 ± 21,367,000 | 2,598,219,000 ± 1,067,413,000 | |
| India | 49,742,000 ± 43,363,000 | 1,734,079,000 ± 1,560,695,000 | |
| Thailand | 39,054,000 ± 26,658,000 | 1,741,889,000 ± 1,217,483,000 | |
| Myanmar | 35,182,000 ± 21,480,000 | 1,239,052,000 ± 784,774,000 | |
| Australia | 33,746,000 ± 23,335,000 | 1,357,093,000 ± 968,389,000 | |
| Cambodia | 28,307,000 ± 17,179,000 | 1,479,793,000 ± 915,994,000 | |
| China | 28,294,000 ± 16,090,000 | 1,327,222,000 ± 774,169,000 | |
| Viet Nam | 24,031,000 ± 14,475,000 | 1,111,770,000 ± 686,509,000 | |
| Laos | 22,123,000 ± 10,166,000 | 932,369,000 ± 444,216,000 | |
| Papua New Guinea | 16,504,000 ± 6,223,000 | 139,478,000 ± 59,378,000 | |
| Philippines | 10,133,000 ± 5,156,000 | 346,747,000 ± 184,460,000 | |
| Sri Lanka | 4,154,000 ± 2,934,000 | 208,398,000 ± 149,681,000 | |
| Bangladesh | 4,154,000 ± 2,541,000 | 192,832,000 ± 121,009,000 | |
| Brunei Darussalam | 1,101,000 ± 432,000 | 43,305,000 ± 17,682,000 | |
| Taiwan | 598,000 ± 308,000 | 17,154,000 ± 9,304,000 | |
| Timor-Leste | 471,000 ± 261,000 | 18,894,000 ± 10,867,000 | |
| Hong Kong | 125,000 ± 73,000 | 4,269,000 ± 2,628,000 | |
| Singapore | 1,000 ± 1,000 | 62,000 ± 53,000 | |
Uncertainties indicated are based on standard deviation.