Table 1.
Precision medicine initiatives.
| Country | Project/program name | Expected size | Common diseases | Rare diseases (and cancers) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AUSTRALIA | Genomics Health Futures Missioni | 200,000 | ✔ | |
| CANADA | Canadian Genomics Partnership for Rare Diseases and Canadian Longitudinal Study on Agingii | Nationwide | ✔ | ✔ |
| CHINA | Precision Medicine Initiativeiii | 100,000–100 million | ✔ | ✔ |
| DENMARK | Danish National Genome Centeriv | 60,000 | ✔ | ✔ |
| DUBAI | Dubai Genomicsv | Nationwide | ✔ | |
| ESTONIA | Personalised Medicine Programmevi | 150,000 | ✔ | |
| EUROPEAN UNION | 1+ Million Genomes Initiativevii | 1,000,000+ | ✔ | |
| FINLAND | FinnGenviii | 500,000 | ✔ | |
| FRANCE | Genomic Medicine France 2025ix | 235,000 each year | ✔ | ✔ |
| HONG KONG | Hong Kong Genome Projectx | 50,000 | ✔ | |
| ITALY | SardiNIA Projectxi | 60,000 | ✔ | |
| JAPAN | GEnome Medical alliance Japanxii | Nationwide | ✔ | ✔ |
| SAUDI ARABIA | Saudi Human Genome Programxiii | 100,000 | ✔ | ✔ |
| SINGAPORE (AND INTERNATIONAL) | Genome Asia 100 Kxiv | 100,000 | ✔ | |
| THAILAND | Genomics Thailandxv | 50,000 | ✔ | ✔ |
| TURKEY | Turkish Genome Projectxvi | 100,000–1,000,000 | ✔ | ✔ |
| UNITED KINGDOM | 100,000 Genomes Projectxvii | 100,000 | ✔ | |
| UNITED KINGDOM | Accelerating Detection of Diseasexviii | 5,000,000 | ✔ | |
| UNITED STATES | NHGRI Genomic-Medicinexix | Nationwide | ✔ | ✔ |
| UNITED STATES | All of Us Research Programxx | 1,000,000+ | ✔ |
This is an updated version of a previous summary28 restricted to projects with over 20,000 genomes (or nationwide efforts where that threshold will likely be exceeded). Funding is not necessarily secure in all instances; thus expected sizes and medical objectives are subject to change. We indicate if there is a focus on diagnosing rare diseases (and cancers). Otherwise, population studies and infrastructure are merged under the common diseases heading as that is their long-term objective.
ihttps://www.health.gov.au/initiatives-and-programs/genomics-health-futures-mission.
iihttps://www.genomecanada.ca/sites/default/files/cgp4-rd_mission_statement.pdf and https://www.clsa-elcv.ca.
iiihttps://www.bio-itworld.com/2019/08/12/national-genomic-data-initiatives-worldwide-update.aspx.
ivhttps://eng.ngc.dk/news/2019/december/nnf/.
vhttps://www.dha.gov.ae/en/Pages/DubaiGneomicsAbout.aspx.
viihttps://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/european-1-million-genomes-initiative.
viiihttps://www.finngen.fi/en.
ixhttps://solidarites-sante.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/genomic_medicine_france_2025.pdf.
xhttps://www.fhb.gov.hk/download/press_and_publications/otherinfo/200300_genomic/SCGM_report_en.pdf.
xihttps://sardinia.nia.nih.gov/.
xiihttps://www.amed.go.jp/en/aboutus/collaboration/ga4gh_gem_japan.html.
xiiihttps://shgp.kacst.edu.sa/index.en.html.
xivhttps://genomeasia100k.org/.
xvhttps://www.nature.com/articles/d42473–020–00209–6.
xvihttps://www.bbmri-eric.eu/news-events/turkish-genome-project-launched/.
xviihttps://www.genomicsengland.co.uk/about-genomics-england/the-100000-genomes-project/.
xixhttps://www.genome.gov/about-nhgri/Division-of-Genomic-Medicine.
xxhttps://allofus.nih.gov/about/all-us-research-program-overview.