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. 2021 Feb 11;10:619317. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2020.619317

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Copyright © 2021 Liu, Tao, Wang, Yang, Yang, Dai, Ding, Wu, Chen and Sun

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Doxycycline inhibits the cancer stem cell-like properties of pancreatic cancer cells. (A) Effect of doxycycline on PAR1 activation stimulated by thrombin in pancreatic cancer cells detected by the Ca²⁺-mobilization assay. (B) Effect of doxycycline on pancreatic cancer cell viability after 48, 72, and 96 h treatment. (C) Effect of doxycycline on pancreatic cancer stem cell marker CD133 in Panc-1 cells. (D) Effect of doxycycline on the mammosphere formation of Panc-1 cells. (E) Effect of doxycycline on pancreatic cancer cell migration ability. (F) Effect of doxycycline on pancreatic cancer cells invasion ability. (G) Limiting dilution assay of pancreatic cancer stem cell from Panc-1 cells after treatment with doxycycline in node mice (n = 8). Cancer stem cell frequency was determined by ELDA. Data are shown as the mean ± SD (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01).