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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jan 10.
Published in final edited form as: J Control Release. 2020 Oct 24;329:1222–1230. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.10.049

Figure 3. Receptor-mediated macropinocytosis and bystander uptake.

Figure 3.

(A) TAT peptide stimulated the bystander uptake of Dextran. The image is adapted from [73].

(B) The bystander uptake of the indicated bystander cargo by TAT peptide (orange bars) and TAT-NPs (blue bars). The image is adapted from [8].

(C) TEM images shows that TAT-coated gold NPs (smaller dark dots) and bystander gold NPs (larger dark dots, pointed by red arrows) are engulfed together by macropinocytosis-like vesicles. Scale bar = 200 nm. The image is adapted from [8].

(D) Extracellular cysteine stimulated TAT-NP-induced bystander uptake. Cells were incubated with TAT-NPs and bystander AgNPs in the culture media containing various amino acid compositions: no amino acid (AA-free), the indicated amino acid alone (e.g. Cys, Arg), 19 amino acids without cysteine (19AA+) and all the amino acids (20AA+). TAT-NP-mediated bystander uptake is much higher in the media containing all 20 AAs or only cysteine, than that in the media without Cysteine. The image is adapted from [8].