Table 1.
Participant characteristics.
| Hydrocephalus patients (n = 39) | Healthy controls (n = 33) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | |||
| Mean (SD) | 20.1 (7.0) | 18.7 (8.9) | 0.23 |
| Median (IQR) | 18 (16, 23) | 16 (13, 24) | |
| Min ─ Max | 9 ─ 39 | 6 ─ 46 | |
| Female, n (%) | 25 (64.1%) | 15 (45.5%) | 0.11 |
| Total Ventricular volume (cc) | |||
| Median (IQR) | 14.7 (8.3, 33.8) | 10.4 (7.4, 16) | 0.11 |
| Min ─ Max | 2.8 ─ 269 | 3.9 ─ 39.3 | |
| ICV (cc) | |||
| Median (IQR) | 1751.9 (1638.7, 1922.6) | 1936.9 (1823.9, 2002.9) | 0.01 |
| Min ─ Max | 1327.2 ─ 2674.6 | 1462.4 ─ 2332.9 | |
| VVR (% of ICV) | |||
| Median (IQR) | 0.8 (0.5, 1.5) | 0.5 (0.4, 0.8) | 0.02 |
| Min ─ Max | 0.15 ─ 15.4 | 0.19 ─ 20 | |
| Age at first shunt (mo) | |||
| Median (IQR) | 120 (14, 180) | ||
| Min ─ Max | 0 ─ 550 | ||
| Hydrocephalus cause (#) | |||
| IVH | 7 | ||
| Congenital | 16 | ||
| Spina Bifida | 4 | ||
| Other | 4 | ||
| Unknown | 8 | ||
| # shunt revisions, n (%) | |||
| 0 | 6 (15.4) | ||
| 1 | 11 (28.2) | ||
| 2 | 7 (18.0) | ||
| 3 | 3 (7.7) | ||
| 4 and up | 12 (30.8) | ||
| HOQ b | |||
| Median (IQR) | 0.81 (0.62, 0.84) | ||
| Min ─ Max | 0.43 ─ 0.94 | ||
| HDI b | |||
| Median (IQR) | 32 (22, 58) | ||
| Min ─ Max | 0 ─ 96 | ||
| Depression (n/%) b | |||
| Moderate or severe | 9 (27%) | ||
| Minimal to none | 24 (73%) |
IQR: Interquartile range; IVH: Intraventricular hemorrhage; HOQ: Hydrocephalus Outcome Questionnaire; HDI: Headache Disability Inventory (HDI); VVR: Ventricular volume ratio (VV/ICV).
aWilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare continuous variables and Pearson’s chi-squared test or Fisher’s exact test was used to compare categorical variables between the groups.
b
HOQ, HDI and Depression was only measured for the 33 patients at Einstein site.