1.
Characteristics of COVID-19 patients on admission according to acute kidney injury status
| Characteristics | Total | AKI | No AKI | Odds ratio | 95% CI | P |
| Data are presented as number of cases with percentage in parenthesis unless otherwise specified. AKI: Acute kidney injury; IQR: Interquartile range. 1Other symptoms include shivering, headache, chest pain, wheezing, hemoptysis, sore throat, vomiting, and diarrhea. 2Hypoxia is defined as an oxygen saturation ≤93%. 3Tachypnea is defined as a respiratory rate ≥30 min-1 at rest. 4Disease severity is graded according to the American Thoracic Society and Infectious Diseases Society of America criteria. | ||||||
| No. of patients | 287(100.0) | 55(19.0) | 232 (81.0) | - | - | - |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 160 (55.7) | 38 (69.1) | 122 (52.6) | 1.0 (ref.) | - | - |
| Female | 127 (44.3) | 17(30.9) | 110(47.4) | 0.50 | 0.27-0.93 | 0.03 |
| Age [year, median (IQR)] | 62 (51-70) | 66 (57-74) | 60 (49-69) | 1.03 | 1.01-1.05 | 0.01 |
| Weight (kg, Mean±SD) | 64.2±11.7 | 68.1±9.3 | 63.0±12.1 | 1.04 | 0.99-1.10 | 0.16 |
| Body mass index (Mean±SD) | 23.6±3.3 | 24.2±2.4 | 23.4±3.5 | 1.08 | 0.90-1.29 | 0.43 |
| Pre-existing comorbidities | ||||||
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 16(6.0) | 6(11.0) | 10(4.0) | 2.72 | 0.94-7.83 | 0.06 |
| Chronic renal insufficiency | 5 (2.0) | 3 (5.0) | 2(1.0) | 6.64 | 1.08-40.72 | 0.04 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 33(12.0) | 10(18.0) | 23 (10.0) | 2.02 | 0.90-4.54 | 0.08 |
| Hypertension | 87 (30.0) | 23 (42.0) | 64 (28.0) | 1.89 | 1.03-3.47 | 0.04 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 45(16.0) | 12(22) | 33 (14.0) | 1.68 | 0.80-3.52 | 0.16 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 23 (8.0) | 9(16.0) | 14 (6.0) | 3.05 | 1.24-7.46 | 0.02 |
| Chronic liver disease | 10(4.0) | 1 (2.0) | 9 (4.0) | 0.46 | 0.06-3.70 | 0.73 |
| Cancer | 8 (3.0) | 3 (5.0) | 5(2.0) | 2.62 | 0.61-11.31 | 0.38 |
| Onset to admission time [day, median (IQR)] | 10(6-14) | 10 (6-14) | 9(5-13) | 1.02 | 0.97-1.07 | 0.54 |
| Signs and symptoms | ||||||
| Fever | 223 (78.0) | 40 (73.0) | 183 (79.0) | 0.71 | 0.37-1.40 | 0.32 |
| Cough | 209 (73.0) | 41 (75.0) | 168 (72.0) | 1.17 | 0.57-2.18 | 0.75 |
| Dyspnea | 139(48.0) | 29 (53.0) | 110(47.0) | 1.24 | 0.69-2.23 | 0.48 |
| Myalgia or fatigue | 137(48.0) | 25 (45.0) | 112(48.0) | 0.89 | 0.50-1.61 | 0.71 |
| Other symptoms1 | 138(48.0) | 24 (44.0) | 114(49.0) | 0.80 | 0.44-1.45 | 0.46 |
| Hypoxia2 | 99 (35.0) | 27 (49.0) | 72 (31.0) | 2.14 | 1.18-3.89 | 0.01 |
| Tachypnea3 | 21 (7.0) | 10(18.0) | 11 (5.0) | 4.47 | 1.79-11.14 | 0.01 |
| Family cluster | 23 (8.0) | 3 (6.0) | 20 (9.0) | 0.61 | 0.18-2.14 | 0.62 |
| Disease severity4 | ||||||
| Non-severe | 163 (57.0) | 21 (38.0) | 142 (61.0) | 1.00 (ref.) | - | - |
| Severe | 124(43.0) | 34 (62.0) | 90 (39.0) | 2.54 | 1.40-4.68 | 0.01 |
| PCR result | ||||||
| Negative | 131 (45.6) | 25 (45.5) | 106(45.7) | 1.0 (ref.) | - | - |
| Positive | 156 (54.4) | 30 (54.5) | 126 (54.3) | 1.01 | 0.56-1.82 | 0.98 |