Table 2.

List of the advantage and disadvantage for nanomaterials.

Nanomaterials	Advantages	Disadvantages
Liposome	High efficiency, low toxicity, long-term efficacy, ability to deliver both hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds [262]	Rapid systemic elimination, rapid metabolic degradation of phospholipids. Stability problems associated with long-term storage. Inability to provide sustained drug release. They are only moderately efficient for the encapsulation of lipophilic compounds [[263], [264], [265], [266], [267], [268]]
Polymeric nanoparticles	the ability to modify drug release; increase the stability of volatile drug; incorporate into other activities related to drug delivery [269]	high cost; the preparation process is complex and the reproducibility is low
Metal nanoparticles	MRI and magnetic targeting performance; free radical scavenging	Potential toxicity associated with complex ingredients [270]
Carbon nanotubes	High penetration power and surface area; more than one molecule can be conjugated to their surface	Low biodegradability and dispersivity, possible induced oxidative stress and Lung disease [170,171]
Graphene	Polyaromatic structure and higher surface area	The lack of standardization; Difficult to biodegrade; Damage to the lungs [215,271]
Black phosphorus	Biodegradable; selectively capture Cu2+64	High cost; difficult to control shape and size
Hydrogels	Similar to the flexibility of natural tissue; PH or temperature sensitive; Biocompatible and biodegradable [272]	Thermosensitive hydrogel may cause excessive or insufficient drug release due to temperature stimulation [273].
Dendrimers	Easy surface modification; ability to interact with charged functional groups [274].	The specific toxicology, biocompatibility and in vivo distribution of various dendrimers need further in-depth study [274].