Table 3.
Maternal ACEs and Depression at 36 Months Postpartum, Bachpan Cohort, Pakistan, N = 889
| Model | SCID | PHQ-9 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PR | 95% CL | B | 95% CL | ||||
| 1 | ACE total (DNR = no) | 1.20 | 1.11 | 1.31 | 0.65 | 0.37 | 0.94 |
| 2 | ACE binary (yes/no) | 1.66 | 1.09 | 2.53 | 1.04 | 0.22 | 1.86 |
| 3 | ACE 2+ | 1.62 | 1.13 | 2.31 | 0.99 | 0.20 | 1.77 |
| 4 | ACE 3+ | 1.99 | 1.32 | 3.02 | 2.15 | 0.99 | 3.32 |
| 5 | ACE 4+ | 2.48 | 1.39 | 4.41 | 3.97 | 2.17 | 5.77 |
| 6a | Ace 1 | 1.44 | 0.86 | 2.40 | 0.74 | −0.40 | 1.88 |
| Ace 2 | 1.33 | 0.71 | 2.49 | 0.15 | − 0.76 | 1.07 | |
| Ace 3 | 1.91 | 1.02 | 3.55 | 1.09 | −0.44 | 2.62 | |
| Ace 4+ | 3.13 | 1.73 | 5.65 | 4.37 | 2.60 | 6.13 | |
| 7 | Neglect | 0.89 | 0.61 | 1.30 | −0.16 | −1.24 | 0.92 |
| 8 | Psychological distress | 1.74 | 1.10 | 2.75 | 2.06 | 0.85 | 3.26 |
| 9 | Home Violence | 1.37 | 0.97 | 1.95 | 0.85 | 0.25 | 1.45 |
| 10 | Community violence | 2.06 | 1.29 | 3.29 | 3.05 | 1.52 | 4.57 |
Models account for clustering using cluster robust standard errors, and used weights which were a combination of sample weights and inverse probability of censoring weights. All models were adjusted for age, education, and mental health problems in natal family as confounders, and adjusted for trial arm and assessor
Abbreviations: DNR Does Not Remember, PR Prevalence ratio, B Estimate, P p-value, CL Confidence Limit, ACE Adverse Childhood Experiences
aIn Model 6, 0 ACEs is the reference level