Table 2.

Characteristics of the included trials.

Author	Year	Country	Setting	Inclusion period	Participants					Intervention			Outcomes
					No. of patients	Procedure performed	Indication for SA	Mean age (years) per study arm	Males (%) per study arm	Dose	Route of administration	Control	Primary	Secondary
Gillespie et al. 29	2015	USA	Multi- center	October 2012– June 2014	111 TXA = 56 Control = 55	TSA = 44 RTSA = 67	OA	TXA = 66.4 Control = 67.9	TXA = 41.1 Control = 47.2	Single dose 2 g of TXA in 100 mL NS for 5 min	Topical	Placebo. 100 mL NS for 5 min	(1) Postoperative drain output (mL) at 24 h	(1) Change in hemoglobin (2) Rate of transfusion (3) Other complications.
Pauzenberger et al. 28	2017	Austria	Single center	July– December 2015	54 TXA = 27 Control = 27	Stemless TSA = 26 RTSA = 28	N/S	TXA = 70.3 Control = 71.3	TXA = 67 Control ;= 74	Two doses 1 g of TXA in 100 mL NS prior to skin incision and 1 g of TXA in 100 mL NS during wound closure	Intravenous	Placebo. 100 mL NS prior to skin incision and 100 mL NS during wound closure	(1) Postoperative drain blood loss (mL) at 24 h	(1) Total calculated blood loss (2) Number of transfusions
Vara et al. 30	2017	USA	Single center	September 2013– December 2015	102 TXA = 53 Control = 49	RTSA = 102	MRCT with or without OA	TXA = 66 Control = 67	TXA = 49 Control = 38	Two doses 10 mg/kg of TXA 60 min before surgery and 10 mg/kg of TXA at wound closure	Intravenous	Placebo. 100 mL NS prior to skin incision and 100 mL NS at wound closure	(1) Total calculated blood loss (2) Total hemoglobin loss (3) Total drain output	(1) Number of transfusions (2) DVT, PE, MI hematoma and infection
Cvetanovich et al. 27	2018	USA	Single center	September 2015– November 2016	108 TXA = 52 Control = 56	TSA = 44 RTSA = 67	N/S	TXA = 65.2 Control = 67.7	TXA = 50 Control = 44.2	Single dose 1 g of TXA in 10 mL NS administered 10 min before incision	Intravenous	Placebo. 10 mL NS administered 10 min before incision	(1) Total calculated blood loss	(1) Transfusion rates (2) Hemoglobin loss (3) Intraoperative blood loss (4) Hospital length of stay. (5) Postoperative complications,

TSA: anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty; RTSA: reverse total arthroplasty; TXA: tranexamic acid; NS: normal saline; N/S: not specified; OA: osteoarthritis; MRCT: massive rotator cuff tear; DVT: deep venous thrombosis; PE: pulmonary embolism; MI: myocardial infarction; SSI: surgical site infection.