Table 2.
Study sample characteristics and bivariable linear regression analysis among PLHIVs in Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia, 2020
| Predictors | HRQoL | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GPH (Summary score < 50) |
GMH (Summary score < 50) |
|||||
| Bivariate model | Bivariate model | |||||
| OR | 95% CI | p value | OR | 95% CI | p value | |
| Sociodemographic characteristics | ||||||
| Gender | ||||||
| Female | 1.29 | [0.85, 1.97] | 0.23 | 1.38 | [0.89, 2.12] | 0.14 |
| Male | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Age (in years) | ||||||
| Below 25 years | 0.64 | [0.30, 1.35] | 0.24 | 1.16 | [0.55, 2.46] | 0.70 |
| 25–35 years | 0.98 | [0.64, 1.49] | 0.92 | 1.26 | [0.83. 1.92] | 0.28 |
| Above 35 years | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Marital status | ||||||
| Married | 1.10 | [0.56, 2.12] | 0.78 | 1.62 | [0.83, 3.13] | 0.16 |
| Divorced/widowed | 0.60 | [0.31,1.15] | 0.124 | 0.85 | [0.44, 1.65] | 0.63 |
| Single | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Ethnic group | ||||||
| Amhara | 1.15 | [0.57, 2.33] | 0.68 | 1.22 | [0.59, 2.53] | 0.59 |
| Oromo | 1.18 | [1.01, 7.43] | 0.031 | 1.29 | [0.57, 2.93] | 0.53 |
| Agew | 1.12 | [0.44, 2.82] | 0.814 | 1.97 | [0.77, 5.08] | 0.16 |
| Others | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Religious affiliation | ||||||
| Christian | 0.43 | [0.26, 0.71] | 0.001 | 0.67 | [0.42, 1.07] | 0.097 |
| Muslim | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Place of residence | ||||||
| Urban | 2.26 | [1.10, 4.63] | 0.026 | 1.24 | [0.60, 2.54] | 0.56 |
| Rural | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Socioeconomic characteristics | ||||||
| Education level | ||||||
| Never been to school | 1.15 | [0.41, 3.23] | 0.79 | 2.19 | [0.67, 7.14] | .191 |
| Primary level | 1.34 | [0.48, 3.74 | 0.58 | 2.47 | [0.76, 7.98] | .130 |
| Secondary level | 1.27 | [0.43, 3.81] | 0.66 | 1.71 | [0.49, 5.91] | .393 |
| College/university level | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Employment status | ||||||
| Unemployed | 1.95 | [1.25, 3.04] | 0.003 | 2.18 | [1.41, 3.37] | < 0.0001 |
| Employed | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Monthly household income (in Ethiopian Birr) | ||||||
| < 1400 | 1.88 | [1.19, 2.96] | 0.007 | 1.64 | [1.03, 2.63] | 0.039 |
| 1400–2400 | 1.41 | [0.69, 2.86] | 0.343 | 1.27 | [0.61, 2.63] | 0.517 |
| > 2400 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Food security status | ||||||
| Food insecure | 2.5 | [1.55, 4.02] | < 0.0001 | 7.97 | [4.08, 12.5] | < 0.0001 |
| Food secure | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| BMI score (in kg/m2) | ||||||
| < 18.5 | 1.29 | [0.86, 1.94] | 0.22 | 1.77 | [1.16, 2.70] | 0.008 |
| > 18.5 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Wealth index tertile | ||||||
| 3rd tertile | 0.57 | [0.34, 0.96] | 0.034 | 3.49 | [3.19, 7.82] | 0.007 |
| 2nd tertile | 0.74 | [0.39, 1.41] | 0.362 | 0.74 | [0.39, 1.37] | 0.337 |
| 1st tertile | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Clinical features | ||||||
| Duration on ART | ||||||
| 1 year or less | 1.25 | [0.61, 2.55] | 0.54 | 1.25 | [0.61, 2.54] | 0.54 |
| 1–5 years | 1.1 | [0.71, 1.66] | 0.69 | 1.43 | [0.93, 2.18] | 0.11 |
| > 5 years | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Recent CD4 count (cells/mL) | ||||||
| < 350 | 1.65 | [1.02, 2.68] | 0.042 | 2.42 | [1.50, 3.90] | < 0.0001 |
| 350–500 | 0.72 | [0.43, 1.22] | 0.22 | 0.58 | [0.58, 1.71 | 0.99 |
| > 501 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Comorbidities | ||||||
| Yes | 1.65 | [1.88, 2.07] | 0.002 | 1.86 | [1.22, 2.85] | 0.004 |
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
HRQoL health-related quality of life, GPH global physical health, GMH global mental health summary, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval