Table 2.

Reported incidence of malignancy in all nodules including hot nodules and non-toxic nodules

Authors	Overall incidence of malignancy (%)	Overall proportion of hot nodules (%)	Incidence of malignancy in single hot nodules (%)	Incidence of malignancy in TMNG (%)	Incidence of malignancy in NTN (%)	Incidence of malignancy in MNG (%)	FNA Biopsy results	Malignant Surgical Histology
Baser, H., et al. (2019) [22]	5	73	N/A	N/A	3.8	6.6	80 – Nondiagnostic 259 – Benign 17 – AUS/FLUS 2 – FN/SFN 2 – SM 4 - Malignant	8 – PTC 2 – FTC 3 – TTUMP 1 - UTC
Corrias, A., et al. (2010) [23]	30	16	11	6	22	16	3 suspicious	1 - PTC (All 3 suspicious FNAB were benign)
Derosa, G., et al. (1994) [24]	10	26	5	25	13	42	Not reported	8 - PTC
Dirikoc, A., et al. (2017) [25]	34	34	24	8	46	14	a50 – Nondiagnostic 83 – indeterminate 13 – malignant	118 PTC 7 FTC 6 Other
Mon, S. Y., et al. (2018) [9]	13	12	33	100	8	8	2 - Benign 1 - AUS/FLUS	2 FTC (Both were FNAB benign)
Slijepcevic, N., et al. (2015) [26]	16	6	7	14	16	21	Not reported	9 PTC
Tam, A., et al. (2019) [27]	25	17	N/A	N/A	10	28	8 – Nondiagnostic 51 – Benign 3 – AUS/FLUS 2 – FN/SFN 1 - Malignant	10 PTC 4 FTC (7 malignancies located outside hot nodule)

TMNG toxic multinodular goiter, NTN non toxic nodule, MNG multinodular goiter, FNA fine needle aspirate, AUS/FLUS atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of unknown significance, SM suspicious for malignancy, PTC papillary thyroid cancer, FTC follicular thyroid cancer, TTUMP thyroid tumour of unknown malignant potential, UTC undifferentiated thyroid cancer, Other includes Hurthle cell, medullary or undifferentiated

^aDenotes cytology findings in all hyperthyroid patients