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. 2021 Feb 25;19:59. doi: 10.1186/s12916-021-01925-6

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 5 — Characterization of glycolysis-related long noncoding (lnc)RNAs in five cancer types. a A heatmap demonstrating glycolysis-associated lncRNAs in five cancer types. Colors in the heatmap indicate the degree of correlation between glycolysis scores and lncRNA expressions. b Word cloud of the glycolysis-correlated lncRNAs. Number of cancer types is associated with the text size of the lncRNA names, whereas the color of the lncRNA indicates median correlation coefficients. c Density curve showing correlation coefficients of genes (pink) and lncRNAs (yellow) significantly associated with glycolysis scores. Distributions of genes and lncRNAs were compared using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. The x-axis represents correlation coefficients with glycolysis scores between genes and lncRNAs, and the y-axis represents numbers of lncRNAs and genes. d Pie chart demonstrating percentages of lncRNAs with positive or negative values in the relative concentration index (RCI). e A circular bar plot indicating frequencies of transcription factors (TFs) negatively associated with glycolysis-related nuclear lncRNAs. f Bar plots demonstrating cellular localizations of five lncRNAs significantly correlated with glycolysis scores across five cancer types. g A bar plot showing numbers of activated and suppressed TFs in cluster 3 compared with cluster 1 in five cancer types. The x-axis represents the number of cancer types, and the y-axis represents the number of TFs. h Functional annotation analyses of activated TFs involved in more than four cancer types in cluster 3 cancer patients. The y-axis represents significant enriched pathways (with an FDR of < 0.01), and the x-axis represents multiples of enrichment of indicated signal pathways. i A boxplot indicating TFs that were upregulated in cluster 3 compared with cluster 1. The y-axis represents transcriptional activity inferred by target gene expression levels by using analytic rank-based enrichment analyses, and the x-axis represents different clusters classified by glycolysis-associated lncRNAs. j MYC activity in five cancer types. k Dot plots of lncRNA-TF pairs that exhibit negative correlations across five cancer types. The association between TF and lncRNA within each cancer type exhibits a correlation coefficient of <− 0.3 and a p value of < 0.001. The pooled p value and correlation coefficient are indicated in each dot plot