Table 4.

Association between desired change in behaviour (implementation (n=81) and de-implementation (n=97)) and BCT present

BCT	Desired change in behaviour	BCT identified		Value	Significance value +
		Present	Absent
Behaviour substitution	Implementation	3	78	12.607	<.0005*b
	De-implementation	23	74
Feedback on behaviour	Implementation	59	22	15.693	<.0001*a
	De-implementation	42	55
Monitoring of behaviour by others without feedback	Implementation	1	80	16.187	<.0001*b
	De-implementation	22	75
Restructuring social environment	Implementation	0	81	--	<.0005*c
	De-implementation	13	84
Goal setting (behaviour)	Implementation	16	65	9.301	.002b
	De-implementation	4	93
Problem solving	Implementation	5	75	0.077	.781b
	De-implementation	4	93
Goal setting (outcome)	Implementation	5	76	--	.018c
	De-implementation	0	97
Action planning	Implementation	2	79	--	.206c
	De-implementation	0	97
Review of behaviour goal(s)	Implementation	8	73	3.717	.054b
	De-implementation	2	95
Discrepancy between current behaviour and goal	Implementation	6	75	3.213	.073b
	De-implementation	1	96
Behavioural contract	Implementation	3	78	--	.092c
	De-implementation	0	97
Commitment	Implementation	1	80	--	.455c
	De-implementation	0	97
Self-monitoring of behaviour	Implementation	3	78	.477	.490b
	De-implementation	1	96
Monitoring of behaviour by others without feedback	Implementation	0	81	--	.501c
	De-implementation	2	95
Feedback on outcome of behaviour	Implementation	11	70	.204	.651a
	De-implementation	11	86
Social support (unspecified)	Implementation	12	12	.827	.363a
	De-implementation	10	87
Social support (practical)	Implementation	6	75	.105	.746a
	De-implementation	6	91
Instruction on how to perform the behaviour	Implementation	53	28	.666	.415a
	De-implementation	69	28
Information about health consequences	Implementation	12	69	.827	.363a
	De-implementation	10	87
Information about social and environmental consequences	Implementation	3	78	3.247	.072b
	De-implementation	12	85
Demonstration of the behaviour	Implementation	0	81	--	1.00c
	De-implementation	1	96
Social comparison	Implementation	27	54	5.102	.024a
	De-implementation	18	79
Prompts and cues	Implementation	17	64	8.595	.003a
	De-implementation	6	91
Behavioural practice/rehearsal	Implementation	1	80	--	.455c
	De-implementation	0	97
Credible source	Implementation	20	61	2.379	.123a
	De-implementation	15	82
Pros and cons	Implementation	7	74	.873	.350b
	De-implementation	4	93
Comparative imagining of future outcomes	Implementation	1	80	--	.455c
	De-implementation	0	97
Material incentive (behaviour)	Implementation	3	78	.477	.490b
	De-implementation	1	96
Material reward (behaviour)	Implementation	4	77	--	.041c
	De-implementation	0	97
Non-specific incentive	Implementation	2	79	--	.206c
	De-implementation	0	97
Restructuring physical environment	Implementation	5	81	4.519	.034a
	De-implementation	16	76
Adding objects to the environment	Implementation	6	75	1.664	.197a
	De-implementation	13	84

⁺Significance value adjusted for 32 comparisons (Bonferroni; p< .0015)

^aPearson’s chi-square

^bYates’ continuity correction for cells less than 5

^cFisher’s exact test for cells with 0 count