Table 1.
Trends in comorbidities of heart failure clinical trials between 2001–2016
| 2001–2004 |
2005–2008 |
2009–2012 |
2013–2016 |
2001–2016 |
P-value* | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients with reported data | Average (range) of patients with comorbidity (%)a | Patients with reported data | Average (range) of patients with comorbidity (%) | Patients with reported data | Average (range) of patients with comorbidity (%) | Patients with reported data | Average (range) of patients with comorbidity (%) | Patients with reported data | Average (range) of patients with comorbidity (%) | ||
| Cardiac comorbidities | |||||||||||
| Current smoking | 35% | 33.3 (17.5–66.5) | 51% | 13.7 (5.1–30.1) | 49% | 21.8 (8.6–54) | 19% | 10 (6–17.6) | 39% | 20.4 (5.1 –66.5) | 0.13 |
| Former smoking | 35% | 40.8 (28.3–72.1) | 51% | 16.6 (5.1 –43.3) | 49% | 27.4 (8.6–59.4) | 19% | 20.5 (6–36.8) | 39% | 26 (5.1 –72.1) | 0.13 |
| Alcohol intake | 31% | 2.5 (1.7–6.6) | 1% | 9.6 (9.6–9.6) | 22% | 18.8 (2.2–36) | 11% | 18.2 (10.3–22) | 16% | 10.3 (1.7–36) | 0.83 |
| CAD or ischaemic aetiology | 95% | 44.4 (23–67) | 87% | 61.7 (25–104) | 98% | 58.7 (20–87) | 85% | 58.3 (27–75) | 92% | 55.5 (20–104) | 0.10 |
| Diabetes | 93% | 28.3 (14.5–47.2) | 91% | 32.5 (20–100) | 91% | 35.9 (22.6–107.2) | 87% | 35.1 (16–63.6) | 91% | 32.7(14.5–107.2) | 0.97 |
| Hypertension | 70% | 54.3 (31.6–69.9) | 75% | 65.9 (15.3–88.4) | 95% | 64.2 (20.9–87.8) | 83% | 67.6 (17.4–91.7) | 80% | 63.1 (15.3–91.7) | 0.03 |
| Hyperlipidaemia | 32% | 32.1 (29.9–43.2) | 21% | 56.5 (45.8–83.9) | 12% | 67 (37.8–77.8) | 16% | 56.8 (37.8–65.8) | 21% | 47.9 (29.9–83.9) | 0.79 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 29% | 3.8 (1.8–24.8) | 29% | 36.5 (13.5–56.9) | 19% | 27.5 (8.5–53.2) | 27% | 33.3 (13.3–72) | 26% | 24.6 (1.8–72) | 0.61 |
| GFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 50% | – | 57% | 64 (51.4–71) | 54% | 61.8 (50.7–70.8) | 62% | 67 (47–79) | 55% | 64.9 (47–79) | 0.02 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 61% | 27.2 (26–28) | 75% | 28 (26–29.7) | 80% | 28.2 (25.4–33.1) | 76% | 28 (24.4–31) | 72% | 27.9 (24.4–33.1) | 0.01 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 66% | 14.5 (6.3–34.6) | 58% | 31.2 (15.5–100) | 77% | 22.7 (3.7–54.7) | 84% | 31.7 (5.2–54.5) | 71% | 24.9 (3.7–100) | 0.15 |
| Non-cardiac comorbidities | |||||||||||
| Cancer | 26% | 2.2 (2.2–2.2) | 12% | 3.6 (3.6–3.6) | 3% | 11.4 (10.9–11.9) | 5% | 7.6 (7.6–7.6) | 12% | 3.6 (2.2–11.9) | 0.93 |
| Stroke | 33% | 6.9 (6.1 –20.1) | 67% | 11.1 (0–18) | 60% | 10.4 (2.2–24.1) | 62% | 8.2 (4.3–13.5) | 55% | 9.5 (0–24.1) | 0.19 |
| Chronic liver disease | 0% | – | 0% | – | 3% | 2.1 (2.1–2.1) | 3% | 6.8 (6.8–6.8) | 1% | 4.2 (2.1 –6.8) | 0.65 |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 26% | 8.4 (8.4–8.4) | 21% | 12.9 (8.7–21) | 27% | 11.4 (3 –17.5) | 20% | 11 (7.8–16.7) | 23% | 10.8 (3 –21) | 0.22 |
| Anaemia | 0% | – | 16% | 19.5 (1.8–30.9) | 9% | 23.4 (6.2–31.5) | 5% | 29.6 (21.3–35.3) | 8% | 22 (1.8–35.3) | 0.41 |
| COPD | 29% | 10.3 (8.6–31) | 33% | 17.1 (10–31) | 42% | 15.9 (7.4–27.2) | 27% | 17 (3.3–34.7) | 33% | 15.1 (3.3–34.7) | 0.33 |
| Asthma | 1% | 6.4 (6.4–6.4) | 0% | – | 0% | – | 0% | – | 0% | 6.4 (6.4–6.4) | 0.19 |
| OSA | 0% | – | 0% | – | 0% | – | 1% | 8.8 (8.8–8.8) | 0% | 8.8 (8.8–8.8) | 0.43 |
| Depression | 1% | 8 (8–8) | 3% | 11.6 (9.1 –14) | 21% | 10.2 (6–29.4) | 14% | 20.4 (6.3–27) | 9% | 13.6 (6–29.4) | 0.52 |
| Dementia | 0% | – | 1% | 1.7 (1.7–1.7) | 0% | – | 0% | – | 0% | 1.7 (1.7–1.7) | 0.41 |
BMI, body mass index; CAD, coronary artery disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; OSA, obstructive sleep apnoea.
*
P-values compare trial-level reporting of comorbidities.
a
Prevalence of comorbidities was determined among trial reporting data.