Table 2.
Comorbidities of heart failure clinical trials between 2001–2016 by heart failure setting
| Acute HF |
HFrEF |
HFpEF |
HF regardless of EF |
P-value* | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients with reported data | Average (range) of patients with comorbidity (%)a | Patients with reported data | Average (range) of patients with comorbidity (%) | Patients with reported data | Average (range) of patients with comorbidity (%) | Patients with reported data | Average (range) of patients with comorbidity (%) | ||
| Cardiac comorbidities | |||||||||
| Current smoking | 36% | 18.7 (5.1–66.5) | 39% | 10.4 (10.4–1 0.4) | 40% | 13 (6–29.6) | 52% | 32.2 (13.2–64.8) | 0.98 |
| Former smoking | 36% | 26 (5.1–72.1) | 39% | 36.8 (36.8–36.8) | 40% | 13 (6–29.6) | 52% | 32.3 (13.2–64.8) | 0.98 |
| Alcohol intake | 7% | 16.6 (2.2–36) | 39% | 22 (22–22) | 0% | 0 (0–0) | 63% | 5.8 (1.7–14.1) | 0.37 |
| CAD or ischaemic aetiology | 93% | 60.2 (20–104) | 100% | 39.1 (25–59) | 73% | 50.6 (42–70) | 100% | 44.4 (22–68) | 0.03 |
| Diabetes | 91% | 33.1 (14.5–107.2) | 100% | 28.2 (16.6–32.5) | 83% | 31.3 (20–50.1) | 95% | 33.5 (22.8–47.5) | 0.52 |
| Hypertension | 81% | 60.9 (15.3–87.8) | 100% | 88.8 (78.8–91.7) | 52% | 61.5 (42.9–86.6) | 94% | 64.9 (52.4–86.6) | 0.16 |
| Hyperlipidaemia | 14% | 55.8 (37.8–83.9) | 44% | 60.7 (60.2–64.7) | 10% | 72.5 (64–77.8) | 52% | 32.8 (29.9–56.9) | 0.21 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 19% | 31.5 (8.5–72) | 86% | 34 (30.2–38.7) | 14% | 41.6 (15.2–53.2) | 53% | 6.7 (1.8–36) | 0.80 |
| GFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 54% | 65.1 (47–74) | 64% | 66.9 (65.4–79) | 60% | 69.1 (55–71) | 53% | 51.8 (50.7–53.5) | 0.25 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 71% | 27.9 (24.6–33.1) | 100% | 30 (28–31) | 63% | 26.9 (24.4–30.1) | 81% | 27.7 (27.2–29.3) | 0.19 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 64% | 25.0(3.7–100) | 100% | 29.6 (5.2–35.2) | 68% | 21.8 (6.9–37.3) | 92% | 25.2 (6.5–54.7) | 0.13 |
| Non-Cardiac comorbidities | |||||||||
| Cancer | 3% | 9 (7.6–11.9) | 0% | 0 (0–0) | 25% | 3.6 (3.6–3.6) | 42% | 2.2 (2.2–2.2) | 0.89 |
| Stroke | 49% | 10.2 (0–24.1) | 86% | 8.8 (7.7–9.7) | 46% | 6.3 (4.3–20.1) | 81% | 9.6 (6.1–19.7) | 0.64 |
| Chronic liver disease | 0% | 0 (0–0) | 0% | 0 (0–0) | 11% | 4.2 (2.1–6.8) | 0% | 0 (0–0) | 0.01 |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 9% | 13.9 (3–21) | 39% | 9.3 (9.3–9.3) | 35% | 10.7 (8.7–17.5) | 70% | 9.5 (8.4–14.4) | 0.17 |
| Anaemia | 8% | 24 (1.8–31.5) | 47% | 12.5 (12.5–12.5) | 5% | 35.3 (35.3–35.3) | 0% | 0 (0–0) | 0.37 |
| COPD | 15% | 14.4 (7.4–31) | 90% | 10.4 (3.3–11.7) | 42% | 23.4 (17.3–34.7) | 83% | 13.4 (8.6–31) | 0.02 |
| Asthma | 0% | 0 (0–0) | 0% | 0 (0–0) | 0% | 0 (0–0) | 1% | 6.4 (6.4–6.4) | 0.09 |
| OSA | 0% | 8.8 (8.8–8.8) | 0% | 0 (0–0) | 0% | 0 (0–0) | 0% | 0 (0–0) | 0.94 |
| Depression | 4% | 14.1 (6–29.4) | 39% | 27 (27–27) | 7% | 10.7(9.1–11.7) | 22% | 7.9 (7.9–8) | 0.85 |
| Dementia | 0% | 1.7 (1.7–1.7) | 0% | 0 (0–0) | 0% | 0 (0–0) | 0% | 0 (0–0) | 0.94 |
BMI, body mass index; CAD, coronary artery disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; EF, ejection fraction; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; HF, heart failure; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; OSA, obstructive sleep apnoea.
*
P-values compare trial-level reporting of comorbidities.
a
Prevalence of comorbidities was determined among trial reporting data.