Table 1.
Histological lesions and clinical characteristics correlated with deposits of C5b-9 in diseased human kidneys.
| Localization of deposits | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Glomerulus | Tubules | Vascular wall | |
| Hypertensive nephropathy | Glomerulosclerosis | Loss of vascular smooth muscle cells; arteriosclerosis | |
| Diabetic nephropathy | Mesangial expansion; glomerulosclerosis; IFTA; severity of nephropathy; type of diabetes; creatinine; albuminuria | Interstitial inflammation; IFTA; urine biomarkers of tubular injury; creatinine; albuminuria | Loss of vascular smooth muscle cells; vascular AGEs; arteriosclerosis; severity of nephropathy; creatinine; albuminuria |
| Minimal change nephropathy | Glomerulosclerosis | IFTA | Arteriosclerosis |
| Membranous nephropathy | Mesangial hypercellularity; capsular adhesions; glomerulosclerosis; proteinuria; disease progression | Interstitial inflammation; interstitial fibrosis; creatinine | Arteriosclerosis |
| IgA nephropathy | Mesangial expansion and hypercellularity; endocapillary hypercellularity; capsular adhesion; crescents; thrombotic microangiopathy; glomerulosclerosis; interstitial inflammation; IFTA; age; creatinine; proteinuria; nephrotic syndrome; disease progression | Interstitial inflammation; IFTA; creatinine; proteinuria; nephrotic syndrome; disease progression | Thrombotic microangiopathy; arteriosclerosis |
| Lupus nephritis | Histological activity and chronicity indices; glomerulosclerosis; blood pressure; proteinuria; serum C3 and C4; lack of treatment effect | Interstitial inflammation; interstitial fibrosis | Arteriosclerosis |
| C3 glomerulopathy | eGFR | ||
| Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type I | Glomerulosclerosis; serum sC5b-9; disease progression | Interstitial fibrosis; disease progression | Arteriosclerosis |
| Hypertension- associated thrombotic microangiopathy | Proteinuria; plasma complement activity | ||
| ANCA-associated vasculitis | Mesangial expansion; creatinine; proteinuria | Interstitial inflammation; interstitial fibrosis; creatinine; lack of treatment effect | |
| Interstitial nephritis | Interstitial inflammation; IFTA | Interstitial inflammation; IFTA; arteriosclerosis | |
| Acute tubular necrosis | IFTA; degenerative abnormalities of the tubular basement membrane | ||
| Kidney transplant rejection | eGFR; Banff score; transplant survival | IFTA; anti-ABO antibodies; transplant survival | Arteriosclerosis |
Histological lesions and clinical characteristics found to correlate with deposits of C5b-9 in different localizations in the kidney are indicated separately for different kidney diseases, as discussed in more detail in the text. Characteristics found not to correlate are only discussed in the text.
AGEs, advanced glycation end-products; ANCA, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; IFTA, interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy.