Fig. 2.

Experimental design. 1. MRI protocol (Gd-T1w, T2w, and/or T2w-FLAIR) image acquisition and registration to SRI24 atlas. 2. Region of interest (ROI) was identified and annotated. 3. Images were skull stripped, de-noised, and intensity-standardized. 4. 3D radiomic and shape features were extracted from every tumor sub-compartment. 5. Sex- specific radiomic risk scores were constructed using LASSO models. 6. Survival analysis using KM curves was investigated in sex-specific cohorts. 7. Radiogenomic analysis in sex-specific cohorts consisted of 3 main steps—A. Identification of sex-specific differentially expressing genes. B. Identification of biological processes implicated using Gene Ontology and implementation of single-sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA).