Table 2. Surviving monocyte-specific methylation sites.

CpG site	Δβa	P	FDR	Chr	Positionb	Gene (Alias)	Genomic featuresc	CpG features	Referencesd
Increases/decreases interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in monocyte/macrophage lineage cells
cg03795507	-1.00	3.42×10-7	1.60×10-3	5	133340866	VDAC1	TSS200	island	↑IL-1β [26]
cg10257063	-0.71	2.59×10-6	9.04×10-3	11	68587159	CPT1A	5'UTR	open sea	↑ IL-1β [27]
cg16975613	1.00	2.66×10-12	5.77×10-8	11	102217719	BIRC2 (cIAP1) [28]	TSS1500	island	↓IL-1β [29]
cg17151991	-0.52	1.42×10-6	5.38×10-3	19	1207421	STK11 (LKB1) [30]	Body	island	↓ IL-1β [30]
cg26375855	0.64	4.61×10-9	4.30×10-5	19	54299976	NLRP12	Body	open sea	↑ IL-1β [31]
Increases IL-1β and expressed in monocyte/macrophage lineage cells
cg22626579	-0.69	1.81×10-7	9.63×10-4	1	2038628	PRKCZ	5'UTR	island	↑ IL-1β [Supplementary Table 2 of 32, 33]
cg10314750	-0.74	2.98×10-6	1.03×10-2	3	9922257	CIDEC	TSS1500	open sea	↑ IL-1β [34, Figure 6E of 35]
cg16630982	-0.20	3.31×10-6	1.12×10-2	17	41277394	BRCA1	5'UTR	shore ↑ IL-1β [36, 37]
cg12182452	-0.35	1.14×10-5	3.12×10-2	17	41277730	BRCA1	TSS1500	shore

Chr: chromosome; CpG: cytosine-phosphate-guanine dinucleotide; FDR: false discovery rate.

^aMethylation levels of gout-methylation levels of non-gout in monocytes after adjusting for age, sex, alcohol drinking, smoking status, smoking history (total pack-years) and cell fractions with CellDMC.

^bPositions of the CpG sites in hg19.

^cTSS200 and TSS1500 both belong to promoters [22].

^dReferences about genes in relationship to IL-1β production and supporting its expression in monocyte/macrophage lineage cells.